Cultural and intergenerational pathways between family alcohol use, trauma exposure, and probable PTSD in Taiwanese adolescents

BackgroundPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol use (AU) frequently co-occur, yet little is known about how family drinking patterns shape trauma exposure and PTSD risk in non-Western and Indigenous adolescent populations. Taiwan’s multi-ethnic eastern region—home to Amis and Atayal Indigenous groups—provides a unique context for examining culturally specific trauma pathways.ObjectiveTo examine how caregiver and adolescent alcohol use relate to exposure to traumatic events (TEs) and p