Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is a major non-typhoidal Salmonella serovar associated with a substantial global burden of foodborne and invasive infections. Its transmission across human, animal, food, and environmental interfaces highlights its significance its relevance within a One Health framework. The pathogenicity of S. Typhimurium is mediated by multiple virulence determinants, including Salmonella pathogenicity islands (SPI-1 and SPI-2), type III secretion syste