Mitigating mitochondrial dysfunction: a novel strategy for Chinese botanical drugs against osteoporosis

Osteoporosis (OP) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by reduced bone mass and impaired bone microstructure, posing a significant global health threat. Mitochondria, as the body’s energy regulators, participate in numerous critical biological processes, and their dysfunction is a precipitating factor in various diseases. Accumulating evidence indicates that mitochondrial dysfunction—including abnormalities in mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics, oxidative stress, and mitophagy—play a piv