Nature Communications, Published online: 21 August 2026; doi:10.1038/s41467-026-77011-3 Charge-carrier enrichment at active sites enable type-dependent product selectivity in methane photooxidation: electron-enriched AuNPs/BN favors methanol selectivity ( ~ 92%), while hole-enriched PdSA/BN favors formaldehyde selectivity ( ~ 90%).