Underwater drag reduction via self-healing and robust air plastrons stabilized by candle soot-based coatings
Shaimaa A. M. Abdelmohsen
In marine environments, the increased drag force on vehicles impedes their speed underwater, leading to high energy consumption and reduced vehicle efficiency. Superhydrophobic coatings have gained remarkable attention regarding drag reduction. Due to the collapse of the air plastron, the change from Cassie–Baxter to Wenzel state at high fluid impalement pressures, and various chemical conditions, these coatings lose their ability to reduce drag in cold marine settings. Candle soot nanoparticles