Tuberculosis remains a leading cause of global mortality, with the rise of multidrug resistant and extensively drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains highlighting an urgent need for novel therapeutics. The mycobacterial cell wall has long served as a validated drug target, owing to its unique architecture comprising arabinogalactan, peptidoglycan, and mycolic acids. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in cell wall targeting anti tuberculosis drug discovery