Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the deadliest malignant tumors in the world, and the available targeted therapies (e.g., sorafenib, lenvatinib) have limited options and frequent drug resistance. Lysosome-dependent cell death (LDCD), characterized by increased lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) and the release of proteases, has attracted considerable attention as a non-apoptotic mechanism that can circumvent drug resistance. In recent years, researchers have used natural compounds