Kinetics of foot-and-mouth disease antibody response in cattle vaccinated with FMD-HS-BQ combined vaccine under field condition
Rabindra Prasad Singh
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), Hemorrhagic septicemia (HS), and Black quarter (BQ) are economically important diseases of livestock and wildlife species worldwide, with vaccination serving as the primary control strategy. This study examined the development and duration of FMD antibody responses in cattle administered a trivalent FMD-HS-BQ vaccine under field conditions. Thirty cattle were allocated to three groups: Group 1 consisted of naïve calves (6 receiving a booster vaccination and 6 withou