modern-history

When President John F. Kennedy addressed a joint session of Congress on May 25, 1961, he spoke of many topics: the need for economic recovery, jobs training, and programs to address unemployment; reorganization and modernization of the military; and a proposed program to build fallout shelters nationwide. The most famous portion of his speech, however, Continue reading "May 25, 1961: JFK addresse…

Born Feb. 19, 1473, in Poland, Nicolaus Copernicus was raised by his uncle, Bishop Lucas Watzenrode, who ensured he was well educated as he grew up. The education continued at the University of Cracow, where he studied painting and math; the University of Bologna, where he studied canon law; the University of Padua, where he Continue reading "May 24, 1543: The death of Nicolaus Copernicus" The po…

I am trying to determine when the popular modern pizza with tomato sauce and cheese was first definitely attested. De Bourcard (1866) describes tomatoes as a possible topping, but they are described ...

John T. McGreevy, the Charles and Jill Fischer Provost and Francis A. McAnaney Professor of History at the University of Notre Dame, has been elected to the Society of American Historians “in recognition…

Memoir tells how the Jewish and Catholic parents of actor Isabelle and Caroline Huppert fell in love amid the rise of the Nazis. She explains why she wanted her ‘children’s children’ to know the story Families have a way of appointing their own historians, even if the recruitment process remains obscure. In the late 1990s, Caroline Huppert – the fourth of five siblings, of whom the youngest is ac…

Summary Bowlby’s Maternal Care and Mental Health and its abridgement Child Care and the Growth of Love present two claims. The first (MCMH1) holds that children develop better mental health when they experience care from at least one familiar caregiver. The second (MCMH2) states that a child’s development and well-being depend on their mother’s constant presence and attention. Archival material s…

Hora inglesa, “English time” in Portuguese, is a common jab at Western punctuality in Brazil. Because, in the world’s fifth-largest country by land mass, being on time to a party is uncool and uncouth. “The unspoken rule is that the host waits until the time the party is supposed to start, and only then begins to think about having a shower,” a translator explained in a BBC travel piece. ARPANET,…

International audience

Abstract This chapter examines Paddington’s evolving relationship with authority, tracing his movement from powerless child-migrant to symbolic national figure. Drawing on childhood studies, postcolonial theory, and political sociology, it explores how Paddington negotiates institutions of power including the police, the state, the monarchy, and the NHS. Paddington’s “childness” is central to his…

Abstract This chapter examines the violent conflicts between the Latter-day Saints and their neighbors from the 1830s to the 1850s, beginning with the 1838 Mormon War in Missouri that culminated in the Hawn’s Mill massacre and the expulsion of Mormons from the state. It traces the origins of hostility to tensions over religion, race, and politics as Joseph Smith’s followers settled in Missouri, s…

Abstract Within late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century British philosophy, Hilda Oakeley became the first woman philosopher to defend realism about time. In 1911, she argues for the reality of time; from 1913 onwards, she discusses the nature of time, her metaphysics exhibiting Bergsonian features. This chapter studies the origins of Oakeley’s views. Her work is important for various reason…

Abstract Chapter 5 investigates religious dialogue. It traces continuities between pre- and post-Reformation dialogues—namely, the use of dialogue for didactic, rather than maieutic, purposes; interest in the relationship between faith and reason; the affective power of in-text models (and anti-models) whose behaviour readers can emulate or eschew; the desire to guide readers to salvation; and be…

Abstract This “Afterwords” concludes our study, sketching developments within the philosophy of time from the 1920s onwards. It includes the work of Absolute idealist May Sinclair, who considers time a battleground between British idealism and the new realism; R. G. Collingwood's presentism, and his vivid objections to a real past; J. W. Dunne's hypertime; J. M. E. McTaggart's reworked arguments …

America's Greatest Strategic Blunder: The Imprisonment of Qian Xuesen In August 1955, the United States traded one man for eleven U.S. Air Force airmen at the Wang-Johnson talks in Geneva. The eleven were the crew of a B-29 shot down over China in January 1953 and convicted as spies. The one man was Qian Xuesen, the co-founder of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, the colonel in the assimilated rank …