distributed-systems

Edge computing is simply localized data processing. But is it still edge computing if it is not connected to the internet? The answer is yes, it is still considered edge computing even when disconnected from the cloud. Edge computing is defined by processing data locally at or near the source—such as on local devices, IoT gateways, or on-premises servers—rather than sending it entirely to a centr…

Understand the problem What we're building. A web crawler that runs across independent nodes with no central component. In a distributed crawler, many machines work together, but they still share infrastructure: a common URL queue, a common scheduler, a common database that tracks what has been crawled. In a decentralized crawler, none of that shared infrastructure exists. Each node runs independ…

The Problem We Were Actually Solving Our Treasure Hunt Engine was built on top of a distributed, cloud-native architecture, with event-driven processing at its core. We wanted to deliver an immersive gaming experience where players could participate in location-based challenges, interact with virtual objects, and receive personalized rewards. But as we approached the launch, I realized that our f…

Operational Technology (OT) is experiencing one of the most remarkable shifts in its history as increased OT and Information Technology (IT) systems converge to form unified, intelligent systems. The aim of this review article is to look at the most important technology trends that are currently changing the OT landscape and consider the impact of these on architecture, operation, and security fo…

International audience

6G paradigm enables massive network slicing for pervasive digitization across vertical industries, demanding scalable,sustainable, AI-driven zero-touch automation, particularly under non-IID conditions in live networks. This work introducesa cloud-native service-level agreement (SLA)-driven stochastic policy to guarantee a scalable and fast operation of constrainedfederated learning (FL)-based an…

With the increasing deployment of Reinforcement Learning (RL) for network optimization at the edge of wirelessnetworks, the RL workload emerges as a significant challenge. While the placement of general Machine Learning workloadsacross the cloud–edge continuum has been widely studied, existing solutions typically exclude RL techniques due to theirdistinct structure and operational requirements. I…

Sixth-generation (6G) wireless networks are expected to meet all the demands of the next decade, a feasibility that is onlypossible with advances in network design and management. This paper first proposes a unified resource management framework for a 6G-based network architecture that includes an Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) deployment and then defines a hierarchical network energy control …

The Problem We Were Actually Solving At its core, the Treasure Hunt Engine is a distributed system that aggregates user-generated content, processes it in real-time, and surfaces the results on our web and mobile platforms. Sounds straightforward, but what we were really solving for was a system that could scale to meet the unpredictable demand of our users, all while maintaining a consistent use…

IT InstaTunnel Team Published by our engineering team Beyond HTTP: Exposing WebRTC and Local Game Servers via UDP Tunnels For the better part of the last decade, developers have relied on localhost tunneling services to expose local applications to the wider internet. Tools that generate a quick, temporary URL pointing straight to your machine’s port 3000 became indispensable for web developers b…

In fintech, notifications are not a “nice-to-have” feature. They’re part of the product’s trust layer. If a user transfers money and doesn’t get a confirmation, they panic. If an OTP arrives 3 minutes late, login fails. If price alerts come twice, users lose confidence fast. At small scale, sending notifications feels simple: Application → Twilio/SendGrid → Done But once you’re dealing with milli…

We analyze the linearized dynamics of the validated late-time coherence-field kernel of Radial Coherential Dynamics (RCD), the bistable Allen–Cahn / Wright–Fisher reaction–diffusion equation whose coarsening behavior in expanding Friedmann–Robertson–Walker (FRW) backgrounds was established in prior work [1]. Computing the principal symbol of the operator governing small perturbations δC about a h…

This technical note is Part I-2 of the AIKernel / AIOS Phase-1 specification series. It defines the VFS Architecture and Semantic Storage Model as the storage boundary governance layer for deterministic AI systems. The paper introduces capability-based VFS sessions, non-routable transition semantics, bounded storage topology, and deterministic read-only projection for replay. It formalizes storag…

International audience

International audience

Age of Information (AoI) is a widely used metric to quantify the freshness of updates in communication systems. Existing AoI analyses implicitly assume a shared or synchronized notion of time between transmitter and receiver, thereby neglecting distortions arising from relative motion and gravitational effects. In this paper, we investigate the impact of relativistic time dilation on information …

The Problem We Were Actually Solving In hindsight, we were trying to solve a multi-faceted problem that went beyond just event handling. We needed to ensure that the game state was always up-to-date, even when players were offline or experienced network latency. We also needed to prevent cheating by detecting and penalizing players who tried to manipulate the game state. On top of that, we had to…