Bitla, Narender ; Deshpande, Akshay ; Dulam, Murali Shankar & Saha, Sumit: Cross-Cloud Performance Benchmarking and Optimization

Cross-Cloud Systems Measurement Report. 2021Public cloud providers expose similar high-level resources but differ in processor generations, storage paths, network locality, virtualization overhead, accelerator availability, and pricing rules. These differences make direct comparison difficult for teams that operate analytics, web services, and machine-learning pipelines across providers. This paper presents Provider-Normalized Cross-Cloud Benchmarking (PNCB), a 2021-era framework for measuring