Agriculture

This article analyses budgetary expenditures on agriculture and rural development in Poland in 2004–2025, i.e., after Poland’s accession to the European Union (EU). The study examines the size, real dynamics, and structure of total agricultural budget expenditures, including both national budgetary funds and EU funds allocated through the instruments of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). The a…

In modern intelligent food processing, the unpredictable variability in pomelo orientation on high-speed conveyors poses a significant challenge to automated grading and precision peeling operations. To address this, a deep learning-based method is proposed for the real-time detection of pomelo posture. Firstly, a pomelo posture dataset was constructed to support model training and validation. Se…

When present in excess in the environment, nickel (Ni) can bioaccumulate along the food chain, and become toxic to plants and animals. Phytoremediation represents a sustainable alternative, using plants for soil decontamination. This study aimed to evaluate the growth and phytoremediation potential of four Crotalaria species, cultivated in Ni-contaminated soil. The study was conducted in a greenh…

The global wine industry generates approximately 20 million tonnes of organic residues annually, representing a significant environmental and management challenge. While phenolic compounds from winery by-products have been extensively studied, protein and peptide fractions remain underutilised. This review provides a systematic overview of proteins derived from major winery side streams, includin…

Aiming at the problems of uneven radiation distribution and difficult regulation in double-film multi-span greenhouses in the Gobi Desert, a spatiotemporal simulation model of the radiation environment based on the coupling of Rhino–Grasshopper and Radiance was constructed in this study. Parametric simulation and multi-objective optimization were adopted to significantly improve the solar radiati…

Prices and quantities in agricultural commodity and food product markets are subject to constant changes due to evolving supply and demand conditions. Big and sudden shifts in supply or demand may lead to price movements that bring negative consequences for food producers or consumers. Factors causing such movements can be of different natures, but substantial changes in the world energy price le…

Winter pruning is a key management practice in viticulture that directly affects vine architecture, yield balance, and grape quality. At the same time, it is a highly labor-intensive operation, and the selective identification of appropriate cutting locations remains one of the main challenges limiting the automation of pruning in vineyards. Advances in machine vision provide new opportunities to…

To improve the harvesting efficiency of mechanized cabbage harvesting and reduce damage, the structural configuration of a cabbage harvester was designed based on the cabbage cultivation pattern, physical morphological parameters, and mechanical harvesting characteristics. The harvester consists of a crawler power chassis, pulling device, crop guiding device, clamping and conveying device, profil…

In response to the subjective issues, inconsistent quality standards, high labor intensity and low sorting efficiency during the drying process of green pepper, an improved YOLOv11 algorithm was proposed for quality detection. A multi-scale edge enhancement module (MEEM) is introduced into the backbone network, replacing the original basic C3K2 module with C3K2-MEEM to enhance the extraction of d…

This study assesses the impacts of climate change (CC) on maize production in Bosnia and Herzegovina, comparing ten maize-producing municipalities and using Gradiška as a case study. Agroclimatic indicators and ISAREG-based soil water balance simulations were used to evaluate regional suitability for future maize production. Projections indicate substantial increases in average temperatures of 2 …

As complex agricultural machinery, traditional combine harvesters face numerous challenges during operation due to their reliance on manual observation. To meet the demands of modern agriculture, intelligent combine harvesters have emerged. Intelligent sensing uses multi-sensor fusion and deep learning to monitor crop lodging, feed rate, loss rate, and impurity content. Under suboptimal condition…

Vanilla (Vanilla planifolia Jacks. ex Andrews) is a tropical orchid of high economic value, with an annual production of 8000 to 10,000 t and a market exceeding 800 million USD in over 40 countries. In vitro propagation has strengthened the innovation, production, and conservation of this species. Bibliometrics, as a quantitative approach, systematically examines the patterns, dynamics, and evolu…

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with rumen-protected arginine (RP-Arg) on growth performance, rumen fermentation parameters, microbial diversity, and blood physiological and biochemical indices in fattening Altay sheep. A total of 24 healthy, 6-month-old Altay male lambs were randomly assigned to three groups, with eight replicates per group. The con…

Severe winter nutritional deficiencies may impair reproductive performance in Mongolian mares, yet optimal protein requirements during late gestation remain undefined. This study aimed to determine the effects of varying protein levels in complementary feed on gestational performance, physiology, and gut health. Seventeen late-gestating mares were assigned to three isocaloric diets differing in c…

Negative plant–soil feedback (NPSF) drives yield decline in monocropping systems, yet how intraspecific competition modulates NPSF across planting densities remains unclear. We conducted a two-stage plant–soil feedback experiment using five crops (Triticum aestivum L., Zea mays L., Solanum lycopersicum L., Cucumis sativus L., and Panax notoginseng (Burkill) F.H. Chen) with contrasting NPSF intens…

Point cloud semantic segmentation is a pivotal technology for realizing non-contact body measurement and refined management of livestock. However, processing sheep point clouds in smart livestock scenarios presents specific challenges, primarily due to non-rigid posture deformations and severe background interference. To address these issues, this paper proposes a novel symmetric encoder–decoder …

To investigate the thermal environments of three large-span plastic tunnels with different orientations and shapes (two east–west-oriented asymmetrical tunnels, WE15-5 and WE13-7, and one north–south-oriented symmetrical tunnel, NS10-10) under summer high-temperature and winter low-temperature conditions, we continuously monitored the air and soil temperature and conducted a comparative analysis …

Cover crops are crucial in conservation agriculture for preventing soil erosion. For Citrus unshiu production, rattail fescue (Vulpia myuros (L.) C.C. Gmel) is a popular cover crop because its growth season differs from the citrus season, minimizing nutrient competition. However, no studies have examined its effects on the seasonal concentrations of flavonoids and monoterpenes in citrus peels, wh…

Aphids are major agricultural pests worldwide, causing crop damage both through direct piercing-sucking feeding and the transmission of plant viruses. Their multistage life cycle, unique developmental physiology, plasticity in developing pesticide resistance, and multifaceted interactions with host plants and bacterial endosymbionts make effective control particularly challenging. In this review,…

This study examines the relationship between major government support programs and farm-level technical efficiency in Thailand’s sticky rice sector. While existing studies have extensively analyzed rice efficiency, limited attention has been given to distinguishing the efficiency implications of different policy instruments or to modeling dependence between stochastic shocks and inefficiency. Met…