IEEE Sensors Journal

Accurate prediction of the remaining useful life for bearings is essential to predictive maintenance and health management. Nonetheless, the initial operating phase often suffers from limited and incomplete data, which poses significant challenges to the development of robust life prediction models. To address this problem, this article introduces a multi-source domain mix-up transfer (MDMT) mode…

Condition monitoring is essential to ensuring precision and reliability of multi-joint industrial robots. Fault diagnosis is an effective method to identify different types of faults, whereas the tremendous obstacle to applying this method to multi-joint industrial robots is the difficulty of collecting and labeling a substantial quantity of abnormal samples. In this paper, a vibration-based hybr…

This paper presents a compact, noncontact fiber-optic interferometric method for measuring the vertical displacement amplitude of surface acoustic waves (SAWs) at 100 MHz on a lithium niobate substrate with picometer-scale precision. A single-mode fiber serves as the sensor, forming a Fabry-Pérot-like interferometer with reflections from the fiber endface and SAW surface. The method achieves high…

In response to the need for vibration monitoring in high-temperature harsh environments, this paper proposes a miniaturized temperature self-compensated high-temperature and vibration sensor based on step-coated metallized fiber Bragg grating (FBG) twin reflection spectrum. By nickel-plating the half-length region of a single FBG, the reflection spectrum is induced to split into twin peaks. The w…

Gaze provides valuable insights into people’s interests and can facilitate seamless interaction with computational systems. However, capturing natural gaze during dynamic motions with compact, low-cost, low-power wearables like earbuds is challenging. While gaze estimation using IMUs has been explored, it typically requires the user to remain still or relies on additional data such as posture, li…

Micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) capacitance diaphragm gauges (CDGs) integrate complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology, providing low cost, low power consumption, and high integration. However, their accuracy is limited by leakage currents that reduce capacitance-to-digital conversion precision. To overcome these limitations, this study presents a high-precision capacitan…

Muscle fatigue is a leading contributor to Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs), which cause significant workplace disability and absenteeism. The biceps brachii are especially susceptible in manual labor due to prolonged use during tasks like lifting and carrying. Early detection of fatigue can help prevent MSDs by enabling timely interventions, such as workload adjustments or the use of assistive d…

In Wireless Sensor Networks-based Internet of Things environments, efficient Cluster Head (CH) selection remains a fundamental challenge, as the limited energy resources of sensor nodes critically affect network lifetime and service sustainability. Existing clustering strategies are often reactive, overlooking temporal dependencies in CH election processes, which leads to unnecessary energy dissi…

In the field of fault diagnosis, data imbalance is a common issue, which leads to the degradation of the recognition rate of faults classification models. The Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) can mitigate the impact of data imbalance by generating new fault samples. In this research, an adaptive geometric SMOTE is proposed for bearing fault diagnosis under imbalanced data. First,…

Pulsed eddy current testing (PECT) is a vital non-destructive testing technique for detecting surface and subsurface defects in conductive materials. However, conventional single-sensor probes exhibit limited sensitivity to cracks oriented parallel to the eddy current flow, resulting in directional blind spots. This paper proposes a multi-sensor PECT probe for omnidirectional crack detection in C…

A conductive hydrogel sensing material and its corresponding soft strain sensor were successfully fabricated by integrating low-temperature 3D printing technology with in situ reduction of silver particles on the surface of a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel matrix reinforced with sodium lignosulfonate (LS) and sodium alginate (SA). The PVA–LS–SA hydrogel matrix prepared via low-temperature 3D pr…

Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) has been identified as the specific biomarker for many diseases, the detection of NSE can provide clinical data for early diagnosis, detection, and prognosis of the diseases. In this work, a type of magnetic electrochemical nano-biosensors was constructed for the detection of NSE. Firstly, α-Fe<sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://ww…

In this work, we fabricated a PVP/SnS<sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> nanofibers (NFs)@n-Si heterojunction-based photodetector by loading SnS<sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> onto PVP nanofibers using the electrospinning technique and investigated its optoelec…

Improving energy efficiency in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is critical to ensuring effective transmission and prolonging network lifetime. However, most existing clustering methods are designed for relatively static scenarios and thus fail to cope with dynamic scenarios such as node mobility, topology variations, and uneven energy consumption, leading to poor adaptability, suboptimal real-tim…

Highly reflective metallic materials such as aluminum alloys significantly degrade the performance of laser vision-based weld seam identification due to strong specular reflections. To achieve fast and robust weld seam trajectory recognition and localization under such conditions, this paper proposes an active laser vision system with a polarization-parameter-based reflective noise suppression me…

Blind Curves on country and hilly roads are always more dangerous than straight ones because limited line-of-sight prevents drivers from perceiving oncoming vehicles, while the lack of direct vehicle-to-vehicle communication. Common measures such as convex mirrors and warning signs can increase driver awareness of dangerous traffic situations, however, they are unable to provide dynamic, distance…

With the continuous advancement of ocean observation technologies, ocean information sensing networks have evolved beyond traditional underwater sensors and are gradually expanding into multi-dimensional observation systems that incorporate aerial nodes. To enable effective collaboration among multiple nodes, efficient information exchange is essential. Underwater electromagnetic communication (U…

Depression, a widespread and debilitating psychiatric disorder, poses significant challenges to public health systems. Continuous real-time monitoring of depressive states is essential for facilitating timely interventions, optimizing treatment strategies, and improving patients’ quality of life. Traditional diagnostic methods are inherently subjective and limited, while objective assessments bas…

An all-passive, multipoint, and multiparameter optical monitoring system was developed and deployed in an industrial environment for the simultaneous measurement of methane concentration and other physical parameters. Methane is detected via rapid wavelength modulation spectroscopy at 1648.2 nm and 4MHz frequency. An attenuation invariant quantity defined by the peaks at 0, 4 and 8 MHz of the Fas…

With the continuous increase in the incidence rate of respiratory diseases, the importance of pulmonary function tests (PFTs) in early diagnosis and disease monitoring has become increasingly prominent. This paper proposes a high-sensitivity, wide-range flow sensor based on Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) for pulmonary function testing. The sensor consists of 2 cylindrical covers and an internal flexib…