BMC Endocrine Disorders

Nelson’s syndrome is a known complication of bilateral adrenalectomy for Cushing’s disease, and lifelong glucocorticoid replacement is essential in these patients to prevent adrenal insufficiency, a condition that can culminate in life-threatening adrenal crisis. This medical emergency, often precipitated by stressors like infection, can be diagnostically challenging as it mimics septic shock. Th…

The incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in children is rising rapidly, yet many cases remain undetected. Conventional diagnostic tools, including fasting glucose, HbA1c, and the gold-standard oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), have limitations and often show low compliance in pediatric populations. This study aimed to evaluate a simplified OGTT (s-OGTT) with adjusted capillary glucose cut-off val…

Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is often asymptomatic but increases the risk of osteoporosis, fractures, and cardiovascular mortality. We evaluated the effectiveness of albumin-adjusted calcium (aCa) formulas and the calcium–phosphorus (Ca–P) difference as prescreening tools for PHPT in health checkup populations. We analyzed 5550 corresponding measurements of total calcium (tCa), serum albumi…

Obesity with low skeletal muscle mass (OLM) is increasingly recognized as a high-risk phenotype in pediatric populations. The skeletal muscle-to-fat mass ratio (MFR) reflects muscle-fat imbalance, but its association with metabolic health in children and adolescents remains incompletely understood. This study examined the associations between MFR and metabolic indicators, with a focus on insulin …

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major modifiable risk factor for dementia, yet cost-effective, scalable methods for early identification of cognitively at-risk individuals remain limited. To evaluate the predictive value of estimated pulse wave velocity (ePWV), alone and in combination with metabolic markers, for incident cognitive impairment in adults with diabetes. We analyzed 893 adults with DM fr…

With the increasing use of ultrasound, the detection rate of thyroid nodules (TNs) has risen markedly in recent years. However, the relationship between obesity and TNs remains controversial. This study aimed to investigate the association between the Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI), a novel obesity indicator, and the risk of TNs. A multi-design study was conducted among individuals aged …

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The optimal extent of thyroidectomy remains controversial. Total thyroidectomy (TT) offers definitive disease control but it may raise the complications and completion thyroidectomy (CT) following initial lobectomy might lower the morbidity. This meta-analysis and systematic review compared TT and CT using endocrine and neurological outcomes in the postoperative period. We searched databases of P…

Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) is a well-recognized marker for cardiovascular disease (CVD), however, its impact on adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) has been rarely explored, with particular uncertainty about whether the associations differ between women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Pregnant women were recruited between 24 and 28 gestational weeks at Ma’anshan materna…

Hypothyroidism is a significantly harmful condition that severely affects work and daily life. Currently, there is a lack of large-scale investigations into the treatment control status in China. This study aimed to combine a large sample of patients with hypothyroidism in the Guangzhou area to analyze hypothyroidism control rates. A cross-sectional survey was conducted at six tertiary A-grade ho…

Obesity has become one of the most common disorders in the world and causes a significant public health challenge. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified variants within the FTO gene as an important genetic risk factor for obesity. This study evaluates the associations between FTO gene variants and the risk of obesity in adults. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive search a…

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Metabolic dysfunction-associatedsteatotic liver disease (MASLD) has become the most prevalent chronic liver disease worldwide. Its incidence continues to rise with a marked trend toward younger age groups, posing dual challenges for early screening and standardized diagnosis and treatment. There is an urgent clinical need for simple-to-operate, highly sensitive serological markers to enable early…

Inpatient hypoglycemia is a serious complication in hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), associated with adverse outcomes. While insulin resistance (IR) is central to hyperglycemia, its relationship with hypoglycemia risk in acute care settings remains unclear. Convenient IR surrogate indices, such as the triglyceride-glucose index (TyG), triglyceride to high-density lipopr…