Chemical hardness engineering synchronizes crystallization in perovskite tandems
Ziyi Ge
Nature Nanotechnology, Published online: 27 April 2026; doi:10.1038/s41565-026-02165-6 Chemical hardness engineering synchronizes the growth of two perovskite layers in tandem solar cells, suppressing composition gradients and defects, and enabling certified efficiencies of 30.3% (rigid) and 28.0% (flexible) with improved stability.