Computer scientist Jieneng Chen wants to digitize the physical world. He is the inventor of TransUNet, an artificial-intelligence tool that helps to map the boundaries of cancerous tumors while accounting for their relation to surrounding organ systems. TransUNet blends two popular computing architectures. The first is a convolutional neural network, which is traditionally used for understanding images. The second is a transformer—the “T” in GPT and the innovation responsible for much of the...