Autonomic dysreflexia: the concealed killer behind recurrent cerebral hemorrhage in spinal cord injury—a case report with management insights
Limin Sun
Autonomic dysreflexia (AD) is a potentially life-threatening complication of high-level spinal cord injury (SCI), marked by paroxysmal hypertension. Although cerebrovascular events can be triggered by severe hypertension, the direct association between AD and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) necessitates increased clinical awareness. We present a case of a 71-year-old male with a complete C3 SCI (American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale grade A). On May 24, 2025, the patient developed a