The silent HIV epidemic has been ongoing for 4 decades. AIDS-related illnesses have claimed over 32 million lives since the beginning of the HIV epidemic in 1981. The death toll, societal impact, and economic effects of the HIV epidemic have made HIV/AIDS one of the greatest public health threats the world has ever known. Governments, companies and private individuals have collectively spent trillions of dollars on the development of effective treatments and the search for an effective vaccine..