Research progress on high-altitude hypoxia pulmonary injury: pathogenesis and Chinese herbal medicine for prevention and treatment

Tourism in high-altitude areas and high-altitude outdoor activities have seen a significant increase, and health threats centered around high-altitude pulmonary edema and high-altitude pulmonary hypertension have become increasingly prominent. Hypoxia, as the primary pathogenic trigger, initiates a cascade linking inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, and vascular dysfunction, culminating in a vicious cycle of injury. Leveraging its unique advantages of holistic regulation and multi-targeted