IntroductionDespite decades of psychotherapy research yielding over 100 empirically supported treatment protocols, clinical practice continues to face persistent challenges, including high dropout rates averaging 15–20% in controlled settings and widespread treatment resistance. The central tension is the “research-practice gap”: whereas research validates singular, manualized protocols, clinicians predominantly operate eclectically. Critically, the field lacks a standardized framework to guide
The Smart Therapy Model: a Fourth Wave framework for assessment-driven, integrative multimodal biopsychosocial psychotherapy
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