npj Vaccines, Published online: 19 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41541-026-01505-w Oral Rotavirus vaccines have reduced disease globally but multiple factors in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) diminish vaccine effectiveness and disease burden remains high. A convening of experts reviewed advances in mucosal immunity, disease model systems, lessons from other pathogens and the lack of correlates of protection, to identify future research priorities. This report summarises the meeting proceedin