Challenges and strategies for aluminum-air batteries
Felipe Caballero-Briones
Aluminum-air (Al-air) batteries are considered promising candidates for electrochemical energy storage due to their theoretical energy density (∼8,100 Wh kg-1), specific capacity (∼3000 mAh·g-1), low cost and the natural abundance of aluminum. However, several hurdles must be overcome before their widespread application. Notably, the aluminum anode is prone to passivation and corrosion, which reduces the effective utilization of the metal. In addition, the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR