In order to derive the Black-Scholes equation for a stock S(t)S(t) yielding dividends at the continuous rate dd S(t)=S0e(μdσ22)t+σtN(0,1),S(t) = S_0 e^{(\mu - d - \frac{\sigma^2}{2})t + \sigma \sqrt{t} N(0,1)} \text{,} M. Joshi in The concepts and practice of mathematical finance starts from the stochastic process for a delivery contract X(t)=ed(Tt)S(t)X(t) = e^{-d (T - t)} S(t) , equation (5.76): dXt=(μ+d)Xtdt+σXtdWt(1)dX_t = (\mu + d) X_t dt + \sigma X_t dW_t \qquad \qquad (1) He defines a delivery contract XtX_t as a contract where you pay for stock StS_t today, but it gets delivered to you at time TT . He writes that for a non-dividend paying stock, XtX_t at time TT has the same value of StS_t as both end up with you holding one StS_t . Then he makes the case of a dividend paying stock (included in text snapshot below): at time TT you will have ed(Tt)Ste^{d(T−t)}S_t if you held the stock, while only StS_t if you held a delivery contract, so the latter's value at TT must be Xt=ed(Tt)StX_t=e^{−d(T−t)}S_t . However equation (5.76), renamed (1) above is thrown there as is and not motivated by any derivation. I have tried deriving it from the XtX_t and StS_t processes listed above, using the chain rule ( == Ito's lemma here because 2XtS2=0\dfrac{\partial^2 X_t}{\partial S^2} = 0 ): \begin{align} dX_t(S_t, t) & =\\ &= \frac{\partial X_t}{\partial S_t} dS_t + \left[ \frac{\partial X_t}{\partial t} + \frac{\partial X_t}{\partial S_t} \frac{\partial S_t}{\partial t} \right] dt \\ &= e^{-d(T - t)} \left[ ( \mu - d) S_t dt + \sigma S_t dW_t \right] + \left[ e^{-d (T - t)} S_t d + e^{-d (T - t)} S_t \left(\mu - d - \frac{\sigma^2}{2} \right)\right] dt \\ &= X_t \left[ \left( 2 \mu - d - \frac{\sigma^2}{2} \right) dt + \sigma dW_t \right] \qquad \qquad (2) \end{align} where I have used dSt=(μd)Stdt+σStdWtdS_t = (\mu - d) S_t dt + \sigma S_t dW_t . Equations (1) and (2) differ, in that they have different deterministic components. Can anyone enlighten me as where errors/incongruities are in the above? Below, the passage from the book included as snapshot.