ObjectiveTo systematically evaluate and compare the differences in treatment outcomes between open and closed psychiatric wards for hospitalized patients with depression, and to provide evidence-based support for optimizing psychiatric ward management models.MethodsPubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data, and VIP Database were searched for relevant literature published from inception to December 20, 2025. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing