Located on the banks of the Rogozna River in the Kursk Oblast of western Russia, Avdeevo is a premier open-air campsite belonging to the Kostenki-Avdeevo Culture , an eastern extension of the Upper Paleolithic Gravettian Industrial Complex dating to approximately 22,000 to 25,000 years ago . During the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), this region was an unforgiving, wind-swept mammoth-steppe. Lacking abundant wood or high-quality flint, the hunter-gatherers of Avdeevo engineered a highly specialized,