Drones are useful for wildlife research and management, but they can cause disturbance and harassment to wildlife. Sea otters ( Enhydra lutris ) are candidates for drone-based observation and monitoring but are vulnerable to disturbance. No studies have evaluated drone effects on sea otter behavior, but based on prior disturbance studies, we hypothesized: (1) sea otters would exhibit behaviors indicating higher reactivity in the presence of drones than when drones were absent and (2) drone distu

Quantifying southern sea otter (Enhydra lutris nereis) reactions to a quadcopter drone in central California
Young, Colleen; Yee, Julie; Bentall, Gena; Staedler, Michelle; Carswell, Lilian P.; Daly, Margaret
