From fracture-led to matrix-dominant: quantifying the impact of geomorphological evolution on runoff component shifts in the Loess Plateau

Current theories of saturation-excess and infiltration-excess runoff fail to comprehensively and accurately elucidate the intricate runoff generation process in the Loess Plateau. It is imperative to examine the impact of preferred flow and plug flow on river runoff dynamics. This study elucidated the structural composition of runoff components by examining the literature on runoff formation mechanisms in the Loess Plateau. Subsequently, the runoff components of the Malian River Basin were accur