Urban Water Infrastructure Analysis Using PostGIS: Ward-Level Density and Priority Planning in Hyderabad

ABSTRACT Rapid urban expansion often leads to spatial imbalance in infrastructure distribution, particularly in essential services such as public water supply. This study evaluates ward-level water infrastructure adequacy within the Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation (GHMC) using a spatial database-driven approach. Ward boundaries and public water point datasets were integrated within a PostgreSQL–PostGIS environment to perform spatial joins, density normalization, and decision-based...