programming-language

We all learn Git the hard way. You start with add , commit , push — and that works until the day you accidentally commit to main or delete a branch you meant to keep. Here are 10 Git commands I discovered way later than I should have. Each one saved me from a real mess. 1. git switch — The Safe Checkout I used git checkout for everything: switching branches, restoring files, creating new branches…

Someone drops a CSV export in your lap. Before you can do anything with it you need the basics: how many rows? what are the columns? which ones are mostly empty? what's the range on that amount field, and how many distinct status values are there? The reflex is to reach for pandas: import pandas as pd df = pd . read_csv ( " data.csv " ) df . shape ; df . dtypes ; df . isna (). mean (); df [ " amo…

Key Takeaways SQLAlchemy is both an ORM and a SQL toolkit — pick one, use both, whatever works for your situation. Learn Engine, Session, and Declarative Base first. Seriously, before you write anything. Runs on PostgreSQL, MySQL, SQLite, Oracle — you can swap databases without torching the whole codebase. Introduction Month two or three into a backend project is when it usually happens. Not a cr…

Nearly every programming language has some flavor of "structure" declaration , where the programmer can conjure a new type representing the composition of other primitive types or structures, neatly organized into named fields. While the concept is practically universal, the way the programmer defines and interacts with these types can vary dramatically between languages. In Scheme, such structur…

Recap This is a continuation of my previous article which dealt with reverse-engineering QEMU with strace to learn how KVM works. Now it's time to try and follow the steps we got from the strace logs to build our own KVM-based virtual machine in Rust. KVM Headers I haven't actually used existing KVM libraries written specifically for Rust but opted to use the libc crate which provides the require…

As the title suggests, we're going to look at three fundamental JavaScript concepts that will help you start your React learning journey. These aren't the only concepts you'll need to learn but understanding them will make learning React much easier. React is powerful and can be utilized to its full potential when we have concrete understanding of JavaScript. In this part of series, the first thr…

Have you ever wondered how websites, mobile apps, video games, or even calculators work? Behind all of these technologies is something called coding . If you are completely new to programming, terms like variables, functions, loops, and algorithms might sound confusing. The good news is that coding is not as complicated as it seems when you learn the fundamentals step by step. In this guide, you'…

Most developers generate images like this: const html = ` <div style="..."> <h1> ${ post . title } </h1> <p> ${ post . author } · ${ post . date } </p> </div> ` ; This works — until it doesn't. Special characters break the HTML ( & , < , > in titles) The template grows and the string becomes harder to maintain Reusing the same template across environments gets messy No clear separatio…

Tracking Google rankings sounds simple at first. You have a keyword. You search it on Google. You check where your website appears. That works if you only have one keyword. But once you need to track 50, 500, or 5,000 keywords across different countries, cities, languages, or devices, manual checking stops making sense. You need a repeatable workflow. A simple ranking tracker usually looks like t…

Python is known for being simple, readable, and developer-friendly. One of its biggest advantages is automatic memory management, which means developers usually do not need to manually allocate or release memory. However, this does not mean Python applications are completely safe from memory leaks. A memory leak happens when a program keeps holding memory that is no longer needed. Over time, this…

Ever wanted to turn a simple PHP host into a gateway for your local network? I built host2gateway to do exactly that. ProfiDE / host2gateway Uses a PHP host or web server to create a gateway that securely allows access to clients through it. host2gateway host2gateway is a tool designed to provide access from a web server (Gateway) to a client without requiring static IP addresses, port forwarding…

I have been trying to learn the many concepts of C++, and watched a large number of videos on RAII and smart pointers. Then it occurred to me that I should try to write something of my own. #include ...

Want an AI coding assistant that works on YOUR codebase, respects YOUR git history, and doesn't send your code to the cloud? Aider + Ollama gives you exactly that. Aider is an AI pair programming tool that works directly in your terminal. It sees your files, understands your git repo, and makes real edits to your code. Paired with Ollama running a local model, you get a fully private coding assis…

about The kernel is written in (almost) 100% Rust and attempts to avoid unsafe code where possible. It implements a big range of POSIX APIs in system calls, but also exposes common extensions found in Linux and BSDs, like epoll and timerfd. This allows it to run a somewhat modern desktop using Wayland and X11 sessions. Most drivers are implemented as modules. These are Rust ELF dylibs which get l…

The Quest Begins (The "Why") Ever had one of those days where your API feels like it’s stuck in quicksand? I was building a simple rate‑limiter for a microservice that throttles requests per IP address. The idea was straightforward: every incoming hit checks a counter stored in Postgres, increments it, and if the counter exceeds the limit we return 429. At first it worked like a charm on my lapto…

A few years ago, choosing an ID format was easy. Most of us generated a UUID, stored it in the database, and moved on. Today things are different. Modern applications care about: Database performance URL friendliness Sortability Distributed systems Storage efficiency That's why developers are increasingly looking at alternatives like ULID and NanoID. If you're building APIs, SaaS products, mobile…

react-slotx — Step-by-Step Tutorial This guide will walk you through using react-slotx from scratch. No prior knowledge of slots or portals is required — just basic React. What is react-slotx? react-slotx lets you declare content in one place and render it somewhere else in your React tree. The two key building blocks are: <Slot name="…"> — registers content into a named bucket. <Outlet name="…">…

A Python package and library often seem interchangeable and we hardly pay attention to them in our daily use. But indeed they are very different in technical practice. We will look at the inherent differences between them in this post. But first, let us look at what a Python module is. Modules A Python module, in the simplest terms, is a python file. For example, cleaning.py . While they are most…

hey dev.to, so I am Mathéo, a 2nd year CS student at EPITECH Nancy (France). I want to share a project I have been building for the last few months: ZamSync . Basically, it is a lightweight synchronization engine written in Rust. It is made for places where the internet is either extremely slow, drops every five minutes, or does not exist at all (think remote areas, Raspberry Pi nodes, offline-fi…

1. One man's constant is another man's variable. 2. Functions delay binding; data structures induce binding. Moral: Structure data late in the programming process. 3. Syntactic sugar causes cancer of the semicolon. 4. Every program is a part of some other program and rarely fits. 5. If a program manipulates a large amount of data, it does so in a small number of ways. 6. Symmetry is a complexity-…