Science Advances

Methanotrophic bacteria are the primary organisms that consume atmospheric methane (CH 4 ) and have potential to mitigate climate-active gases. However, a limited understanding of the genetic determinants of methanotrophy hinders the development of biotechnologies leveraging these unique microbes. Here, we developed and optimized a CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) system to enable functional genomic…

We present AF3-TurboAb, a scalable framework that makes a repertoire-scale antibody-antigen complex structural decoding routine for antibody engineering. By eliminating preprocessing bottlenecks, AF3-TurboAb enables end-to-end complex modeling in 0.5 minutes per seed on a single GPU while preserving near-experimental interface fidelity, as validated on ~1000 posttraining Protein Data Bank (PDB) b…

Crossover (CO) formation between homologous chromosomes is essential for genetic diversity and accurate meiotic chromosome segregation. This process involves two key steps: the designation of a subset of meiotic double-strand breaks to CO-designated sites and subsequent CO resolution by Holliday junction (HJ) resolvase. However, how these steps are functionally coupled remains elusive. Here, we s…

Efficient and exclusive recognition of nonself requires quality control mechanisms to eliminate self-signaling in various types of organisms and cells. Here, we discovered a previously unknown mechanism, which inactivates self-reactive G protein–coupled receptor (GPCR) used in premating communication between the two mating types of budding yeast. Our results suggest that this mechanism of cell-in…

Directional cues are essential for orienting cells during tissue morphogenesis and repair. In peripheral nerve regeneration, Schwann cells (SCs) align longitudinally in the nerve bridge to guide axonal pathfinding, but the mechanisms are not fully understood. We show here that after nerve injury, activated SCs up-regulate the guidance receptor Plexin-B1, enabling membrane plasticity required for …

Developing plant adhesives opens opportunities for studying and optimizing plant growth through precision pesticide and nutrient delivery, plant health monitoring, and human-plant interaction. However, diverse and changing topologies and chemical compositions of plants during growth present challenges in designing effective and universal adhesives. In this study, we address this challenge by deve…

Entangled graph states can be used for quantum sensing and computing applications. In some measurement-based quantum computing schemes, error correction will require the construction of cluster states in at least three dimensions. Here, we generate one-, two-, three-, and four-dimensional optical frequency-mode graph states, which would become cluster states at higher squeezing levels than obtain…

DNA replication and transcription must be intricately coordinated as both machineries navigate the same chromatin landscape to ensure genome stability and proper cell function. Here, we show that altering their elongation rates—specifically, slowed transcriptional elongation alongside rapid replication fork progression—does not elicit replicative stress. Instead, this independent kinetic variatio…

Interleukin-10 (IL-10) production by B cells plays a critical role in regulating inflammatory responses, yet the mechanisms controlling its expression remain poorly understood. We identified a conserved noncoding sequence (CNS-9) as an essential regulatory element for IL-10 expression in mouse B cells. Comprehensive genomic analyses revealed that CNS-9 functions as an enhancer bound by the transc…

The photocatalytic conversion of carbon dioxide into formate offers substantial economic value; however, it suffers from the inherent efficiency-selectivity trade-offs. Here, we introduce phthalocyanine polymer dots coexposed with defined phthalocyanine nitrogen (N pc ) and phthalocyanine nitrogen–hydrogen (N pc ─H) sites as promising photocatalysts, achieving synergistic enhancement in efficienc…

The hierarchical interplay among gravity, magnetic fields, and turbulence in forming massive protostellar clusters remains elusive. We present high-resolution (~14 arc seconds ≃ 0.05 parsecs), 850-micrometer dust polarization and C 18 O line observations of Cepheus A using JCMT SCUBA-2/POL-2 and HARP. Our analysis reveals aligned gravitational (G), magnetic (B), and velocity fields (K), with an e…

The potential of tree diversity to stabilize community productivity is well established. However, how different forms of soil nutrients regulate tree diversity and stability across life stages remains unclear. Using high-resolution soil nutrient mapping and inventory data from a subtropical forest in southern China, we examined how different forms of soil nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) regulate …

Autoantigens play a critical role in triggering autoimmunity in autoimmune diseases. Psoriasis, a systemic autoimmune skin disease, has an incompletely defined spectrum of autoantigens in terms of both identity and function. Here, through integrated analysis of bulk transcriptomic, DNA methylomic, and immunopeptidomic datasets, we identify 10 psoriasis-associated autoantigens that are reactivated…

The interactions among ice, ocean, and seafloor in Antarctic grounding zones hold major implications for global sea level rise over the coming century and beyond. Meltwater buoyancy means that grounding zone conditions influence basal boundary layer throughout the entire cavity. Because of the difficulty of direct access, grounding zone ocean environments have been sampled only a handful of times…

The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is a major tipping element in the present-day climate and could potentially collapse under sufficient freshwater or CO 2 forcing. While the effect of the Bering Strait on AMOC stability has been well studied, it is unknown whether a constructed closure of this Strait can prevent an AMOC collapse under climate change. Here, we show in an Earth…

The mid-lithosphere discontinuity (MLD) is a fundamental yet enigmatic seismic boundary within Earth’s lithosphere, whose origin remains debated despite decades of study. Using thermomechanical models with self-consistent grain-size evolution, we propose a previously unrecognized mechanism for MLD formation. Plate deformation induces pronounced grain-size reduction within the brittle-ductile tran…

Reconstructing the landscape evolution of the Apennines peri-Adriatic belt requires separating climatic and tectonic signals within its fluvial terrace record, a task so far limited by sparse chronological constraints. Here, we mapped terrace features from three rivers draining the peri-Adriatic belt by combining semiautomatic extraction of tread surfaces from high-resolution digital terrain mode…

Predicting the rate of crystal nucleation is among the most substantial long-standing challenges in condensed matter. In the system most studied (hard-sphere colloids), the discrepancy between experiments and computer simulations is more than 10 orders of magnitude. The situation with other materials (such as water) is no better. Here, we address this challenge with two developments. First, our w…

Exposure to neurotoxic metals early in life can disrupt brain development and increase risk of later mental health problems, but vulnerable periods and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We examined how early life exposures to mixtures of metals affect children’s brain and behavior using naturally shed “baby” teeth as a biomarker of direct exposure. We studied 489 children aged 8 to 14 years a…

Whether a pharmacological strategy can replicate the broad improvement of human cardiometabolic health associated with brown fat (BAT) remains an active area of investigation. Here, we show that adipokine Adissp activates both glucose disposal and energy expenditure within white fat, delivering pleiotropic metabolic benefits. Endogenous Adissp is essential for glucose homeostasis. Administration …