Science Advances

Nanoimprint lithography (NIL) offers a scalable route to high-resolution patterning of perovskite photonic devices; however, the performance potential of NIL-patterned perovskite photonic structures remains largely unrealized because of limited understanding of perovskite thermomechanical behavior during imprinting. Here, we provide a mechanistic framework elucidating the coupled thermomechanical…

Progesterone is a critical reproductive hormone that acts via progesterone receptor transcriptional regulators. The short PGR-A isoform lacks a 164–amino acid amino-terminal region present in PGR-B that markedly enhances transcriptional activity. Isoform-specific mutants inactivating either PGR-A (PRAKO) or PGR-B (PRBKO) indicated that PGR-A is specifically essential for female fertility. This st…

A relatively small number of rapidly spreading wildfire events burn disproportionately large areas. But beyond area burned, do fast fires produce distinct postfire ecological outcomes? Here, we measure daily linear fire growth rates and assess relationships between fire spread, burn severity, and metrics of postfire landscape resilience from 3499 fires occurring between 2012 and 2023 in conifer-d…

Staphylococcus aureus can cause serious infections, yet it can also reside on the skin without causing disease. This apparent paradox implies a strong host defense system, which prevents S. aureus from invading the dermis. In this study, we investigate how the skin detects and responds to superficial S. aureus exposure. Using unbiased transcriptomic, biochemical, and phosphoproteomic analyses, fo…

Clostridioides difficile is a major cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. This pathogen produces toxins essential for disease and flagella that promote intestinal colonization. Flagella and toxins are coregulated in an ON/OFF manner leading to a heterogeneous population of toxigenic, flagellated cells ( flg -ON) and aflagellate cells with attenuated toxin production ( flg -OFF). How selective …

MALT1 (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma/leukemia protein 1)–TRAF6 [tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-associated factor 6] interaction drives lymphocyte activation and adaptive immunity, but it also contributes to maintaining immune homeostasis. MALT1 exists in two isoforms that differ only by either encoding two (MALT1A) or one (MALT1B) TRAF6 binding motif (T6BM). The human mutation…

ETS variant transcription factor 2 (ETV2) serves as a foundational transcription factor for endothelial lineage specification. However, the lineage-specific cofactors that orchestrate with ETV2 during endothelial fate commitment remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate that ETV2 drives the rapid forward programming of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into endothelial cells (ECs) by direct remodel…

Mild mitochondrial stress could extend lifespan across species, yet the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we show that inhibition of mitochondrial respiration induces a sustained transcriptional program that enhances lysosomal proteolysis during aging in Caenorhabditis elegans . Mechanistically, this response is primarily regulated by the intestinal GATA transcription factor ELT-2, whic…

The structure and oligomeric states of the photosystem I–iron stress–induced protein A (PSI-IsiA) supercomplex from several species have been investigated using cryo–electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and atomic force microscopy. The cryo-EM structure of the PSI-IsiA complex from cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 (7120) has been published previously. However, not all IsiA and PSI subunits were iden…

Petermann Glacier (PG), the largest marine-terminating glacier in northern Greenland based on catchment area and ice discharge, plays a key role in modulating ice export from the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS). With an upstream catchment connected to the GrIS interior via a deep subglacial canyon, its future stability has major implications for sea level rise. This review synthesizes recent advances …

The bonding potential of noble gases in high-pressure silica-bearing solids and melts remains debated, yet it is a central question for understanding their retention behavior and evaluating the role of silicate-bearing phases in the transport and storage of noble gases originally present in the atmosphere. Here, we assess the chemical behavior of noble gases in three silicates: quartz, seifertite…

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries have advanced rapidly, but practical deployment is limited by excessive negative-to-positive (N/P) ratios (>50), decreasing the energy density. Zinc powder anodes can lower N/P, yet their high specific surface area accelerates parasitic reactions and shortens lifespan. Here we report a high-loading and highly reversible dry-processed zinc powder anode with a non-elec…

How did Homo sapiens thrive in extreme environments during their dispersal across Eurasia? Unraveling adaptations that enabled human survival during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) remains critical. Here, we analyze 42 genomes from Holocene hunter-gatherers (Jomon) in the Japanese archipelago, revealing their deep ancestry from an isolated Upper Paleolithic (UP) East Eurasian lineage. We detect ge…

Phages deploy diverse countermeasures to evade bacterial nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD + )–directed immunity in a perpetual arms race. Known pathways include NAD + reconstitution pathway 1 (NARP1), which recycles adenosine 5′-diphosphate–ribose, and NARP2, which converts nicotinamide into NAD + via nicotinamide mononucleotide ligation. Whether additional NAD + -restoring strategies exist…

Pulmonary large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) is a rare yet highly aggressive subtype of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) with limited therapeutic options. We conduct a comprehensive proteogenomic analysis of LCNEC using tumors and paired normal adjacent tissues from 107 patients (81 pure LCNEC and 26 combined LCNEC). APOBEC mutational signatures strongly correlate processes of tumor…

Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) disease is a lysosomal storage disorder primarily caused by mutations in the NPC1 gene. Most patients present with early-life symptoms including hepatosplenomegaly and digestive system impairment, followed by progressive neurodegeneration. However, effective therapeutic approaches to improve survival in NPC disease remain limited. In this study, using an npc1 -knockout (…

Psychological stress can evoke itch without a peripheral stimulus, yet the underlying mechanism remains undefined. Here, we demonstrate that a peptidergic circuit within the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) mediates this phenomenon. In mice under chronic restraint stress, stress-elicited scratching coincided with elevated gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) release and heightened activity of GRP recep…

Plant immune activation often reduces growth, which is defined as “growth-defense trade-off” (GDT). Uncoupling GDT is promising for breeding of elite cultivars with strong growth and immunity. We previously identified that AP2 transcription factor TARGET OF EARLY3 (TOE3) promotes both growth and antiviral defense. However, the mechanism underlying this GDT uncoupling remains unknown. Here, we fin…

Amyloids are misfolded protein aggregates linked to neurodegenerative diseases. Their aggregation kinetics are influenced by numerous variables and exhibit autocatalytic and stochastic behavior, prompting the use of microdroplet-based assays to enhance statistical robustness. However, uncontrolled water extraction from microdroplets during incubation alters solute concentration, limits accessible…

Therapeutic angiogenesis based on gene therapies is a potential peripheral artery disease (PAD) treatment yet needs a more stable, efficient, and high-affinity delivery vector and an optimized delivery strategy. Here, we engineered three-dimensional graphene nanoparticles modified with folic acid and polyethyleneimine for macrophage-specific delivery of interleukin-4 plasmids (pIL-4), forming GNP…