Frontiers in Nutrition

Objective Malnutrition frequently complicates peritoneal dialysis (PD) and associates with adverse outcomes, underscoring the clinical importance of its timely identification. This study aimed to develop and internally validate a machine learning-based assessment model to identify PD patients currently at malnutrition risk who need nutritional intervention. Methods In this cross-sectional study, …

Introduction The growing demand for sustainable and locally sourced food products has stimulated interest in alternative fermented condiments that can replace conventional soy sauce while maintaining comparable sensory and functional properties. Methods In this study, commercial soy sauces and artisanal legume-based fermented sauces produced using traditional shoyu techniques were comparatively e…

Background Food insecurity remains a critical public health and development challenge in Somalia, particularly among rural and nomadic households, who are vulnerable to climate shocks, poor infrastructure, and socioeconomic constraints. Evidence on its scale and determinants is needed to guide targeted interventions. Objectives To estimate the prevalence of food insecurity and associated multidim…

Background The bladder health rehabilitation process depends on dietary choices and drinking patterns, which determine diet quality and hydration levels. Previous studies have suggested that dietary patterns and hydration levels affect urodynamic measurements, yet research on how combined dietary and fluid intake affects bladder rehabilitation outcomes remains limited. Objective The study aims to…

Introduction The incorporation of functional ingredients, such as purple corn flour, into bakery products has attracted considerable attention due to its high content of bioactive compounds with potential health benefits. However, technological limitations and possible impacts on sensory acceptance still represent significant challenges. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of purple corn flo…

Introduction The relationship between microbiome composition, athletic performance, and personalized nutrition offers significant potential for optimizing sports nutrition and enhancing athletic outcomes through tailored dietary strategies. Methods This study presents a novel framework, Integrative Microbiome Athletic Performance Optimization Network (IMAPON), designed to address this challenge b…

Background Diabetes-related foot ulcers (DFU), a severe complication of diabetes, is strongly associated with high mortality. Although the prognostic nutritional index (PNI) has been validated for predicting clinical outcomes, its precise relationship with mortality risk in patients with DFU remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between PNI and all-cause mortality, card…

Background Depression in middle-aged and older adults is a major contributor to disability, yet upstream social adversity remains underrecognized in prevention. We assessed whether food insecurity (FI) was associated with incident depression and depressive-symptom burden in the US Health and Retirement Study, and whether epigenetic age acceleration (EAA) mediated this association. Methods FI was …

Background Noncommunicable diseases, responsible for most global deaths, are closely linked to unhealthy lifestyles, particularly a poor diet. There has been an important shift in dietary habits, deviating from national and international recommendations. In contrast, the adult Portuguese population appears to overestimate the healthfulness of their diet, highlighting the need to better understand…

Background/objectives Social media has become a pervasive digital environment closely associated with individuals’ dietary preferences, eating attitudes, and consumption behaviors. Although prior research has documented associations between social media use and eating behaviors, the underlying cognitive, attitudinal, and psychological mechanisms remain insufficiently clarified, particularly among…

Introduction Recent advances in functional food formulation have highlighted bacterial lipopeptides as natural biomolecules capable of replacing synthetic additives while enhancing the physicochemical properties of food systems. Their amphiphilic structure makes them promising candidates for improving texture, stability, and emulsification in complex matrices such as tomato-based products. Method…

Background Single-timepoint SUA measurement provides limited prognostic insight in acute heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). This study assessed whether dynamic in-hospital SUA trajectories (using admission and pre-discharge measurements) are more strongly associated with long-term outcomes than static single-timepoint measures. Methods The cohort consisted of 4,164 acute HFpE…

Introduction Problematic social media use (PSMU) and caffeine use disorder (CUD), a behavioral pattern without formal diagnostic status and a DSM-5 condition listed for further study, respectively, share phenomenological features (tolerance, withdrawal, compulsive engagement) that make their statistical co-occurrence among young adults theoretically plausible and warrant joint empirical examinati…

Objective To quantify the contribution of modifiable individual risk factors (MIRFs)—particularly health-related perceptions and drinking motives—to high sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake among adolescents, and to evaluate their relevance as actionable targets for precision-oriented prevention. Methods A school-based survey was conducted among 1,466 Chinese junior high school students to asse…

Background Medical residents are at risk of sleep disturbances due to extended working hours, rotating night shifts, elevated occupational stress, and irregular meal schedules. Although evidence suggests that diet and lifestyle may influence sleep quality and sleep architecture, these relationships remain insufficiently explored among medical residents. Objective This study aimed to assess dietar…

Background Low magnesium status has been linked to cerebrovascular conditions that overlap with pathways implicated in dementia, yet prior studies have relied on single magnesium measurements obtained in earlier population-based cohorts. Whether repeatedly documented low magnesium status is associated with incident dementia in real-world clinical populations is unclear. Methods This retrospective…

This narrative review examines how socioeconomic disparities accelerate health decline in older adults. As the global population ages, older age represents a major risk factor for chronic diseases, frailty, and disability, particularly in socially disadvantaged groups. While adequate nutrition is essential to healthy aging, approximately 28% of the global population experiences moderate or severe…

Gestational constipation affects up to 40% of pregnant women, yet remains underappreciated as a clinical entity with implications beyond maternal discomfort. This review synthesizes current evidence on the intricate relationships between pregnancy-associated constipation, gut microbiota dynamics, and perinatal health outcomes. Pregnancy induces profound remodeling of the maternal gut ecosystem–ch…

Background The relationship between serum lipids and depression is poorly characterized, with existing studies yielding inconsistent results. We aim to prospectively investigate the associations between 11 serum lipid traits and risk of incident depression in a large cohort from the UK Biobank. Methods The primary exposures were baseline serum concentrations of Apolipoprotein A (ApoA), Apolipopro…

Objective Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major microvascular complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and traditional glycaemic control indicators struggle to comprehensively predict its risk. This study aims to investigate the association between the stress hyperglycaemia ratio (SHR), fasting blood glucose/glycated hemoglobin (FBG/HbA1c), postprandial 2-h glucose/glycated hemoglobin (P2h…