Cureus

Background: Vitamin D deficiency and chronic inflammation are prevalent in individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD), contributing to disease severity. Hematological ratios are simple inflammatory markers that can have various clinical outcomes. The main aim of our study was to assess the association between hematological ratios and vitamin D deficiency among patients with SCD in Central Uganda.…

Background Extreme heat is the leading cause of weather-related mortality in the United States and is increasing in frequency and severity due to climate change. Southern Nevada experiences prolonged summer temperatures frequently exceeding 110°F, creating sustained environmental exposure and elevated risk for heat-related illness and death. Methods A retrospective descriptive analysis was conduc…

Acral melanoma on the plantar surface may be clinically overlooked and can resemble common causes of plantar ulceration. In patients with diabetes, chronic plantar lesions are often managed as diabetic foot ulcers, which can delay consideration of alternative diagnoses. We report the case of a very elderly woman with diabetes whose plantar lesion was initially treated as a diabetic foot ulcer but…

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common inherited kidney disorder, with tolvaptan remaining the primary disease-modifying therapy. SGLT2 inhibitors have demonstrated robust renoprotection across the chronic kidney disease (CKD) spectrum, yet patients with ADPKD have been systematically excluded from pivotal trials due to concerns over vasopressin-mediated cystogene…

White spot lesions (WSLs) are a common adverse effect of fixed orthodontic treatment, caused by enamel demineralization associated with biofilm accumulation around brackets. These lesions are typically non-cavitated. Conventional treatments such as fluoride varnish enhance remineralization but often provide limited esthetic improvement. Resin infiltration has emerged as a minimally invasive alter…

The arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is a preferred access for haemodialysis (HD) in patients with end-stage renal disease. However, its haemodynamic effect on the heart is not negligible; it may cause or exacerbate heart failure and pulmonary hypertension, especially when the flow is excessively high. After the transplantation, a decrease in cardiac output leads to reduced kidney graft perfusion, whi…

Inferior vena cava (IVC) agenesis is a rare congenital vascular anomaly that may predispose young individuals to venous thromboembolism in the absence of classical risk factors. We report the case of a 35-year-old man, an active smoker with no significant medical history, who presented with a 10-day history of bilateral lower limb swelling and severe back pain radiating to the lower limbs. Dopple…

Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis (LMC) is extremely rare in gastric cancer, as is recurrence >10 years after gastrectomy. Herein, we report an autopsy case of LMC that developed 29 years after gastrectomy for gastric signet ring cell carcinoma. A 74-year-old man presented with multiple progressive cranial neuropathies involving cranial nerves III, V, VI, VII, IX, X, and XII. CSF analysis revealed…