Radiology

DBT-DINO, a foundation model for digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) pretrained on 487 975 volumes from 27 990 patients, demonstrated the potential of self-supervised pretraining in DBT analysis.

In an MRI-based analysis, localized popliteal artery wall thickening was associated with symptomatic worsening and incident radiographic knee osteoarthritis (OA), whereas diffuse wall remodeling was associated with symptomatic knee OA outcomes.

Proprietary and open-source large language models (LLMs) generated radiologically relevant indications from clinical notes that were more comprehensive and factual than clinician indications, and when generated by the proprietary LLM, were ranked most useful in protocoling and imaging interpretation by radiologists.

This article provides a practice-oriented overview of current concepts in rapid musculoskeletal MRI of central and peripheral joints, focusing on echo train optimization and the application of modern acceleration techniques. Parallel imaging, simultaneous multislice acquisition, and compressed sensing-based undersampling can be applied independently or in combination to expedite MRI of the joints…

Background Transarterial radioembolization (TARE) of liver tumors exposes medical staff to radiation. Comparative data between three microspheres, ⁹⁰Y-resin, ⁹⁰Y-glass, and ¹⁶⁶Ho-poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA), is lacking. Purpose To evaluate radiation exposure among medical staff in a real-world setting and provide reliable data for involved occupations and microspher…

Background Although US-guided intranodal lymphangiography has enabled targeted visualization and intervention for lymphatic leaks, current interstitial approaches, such as MR lymphangiography, have substantial drawbacks. A simpler technique for pedal lymphangiography is required. Purpose To evaluate the feasibility, safety, and image quality of rapid interstitial digital subtraction lymphangiogra…

Background Supracardiac atherosclerosis is a major cause of stroke. Although vessel wall MRI (vwMRI) can assess plaques, current techniques lack full head-neck-aortic arch coverage and efficiency. Purpose To develop and evaluate a head-neck-aortic vwMRI protocol for supracardiac atherosclerosis, compare its performance with that of supra-aortic CT angiography (CTA), and determine its feasibility …

Background Clinical practice guidelines define radiologic pattern categories based on the integration of multiple imaging features. However, the relative importance of each feature is unknown. Purpose To determine the relative weights of imaging features in distinguishing radiologic patterns and identify incongruencies between guideline-defined and radiologist-assigned patterns in fibrotic inters…

Background Accurate characterization of tumor grade and aggressiveness for renal neoplasms with noninvasive imaging methods is critical for patient management and outcome. Purpose To evaluate kidney MR fingerprinting (MRF) alone and in combination with diffusion-weighted imaging and arterial spin labeling (ASL) MRI for the diagnosis and characterization of renal neoplasms by assessing its perform…

Background Several MRI-based models for postsurgical prediction of cancer recurrence have been proposed for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but they were predominantly developed using mixed populations including large and multiple tumors, limiting their applicability in patients with small solitary HCC. Purpose To train and test an MRI-based Early Recurrence Individualized Score (MERIS) to help p…

Ovarian cancer affects over 250 000 women worldwide, with epithelial ovarian cancer accounting for approximately 90% of cases. Lack of effective screening and absence of early symptoms result in nearly 70% of patients presenting with late-stage disease. A distinct feature of advanced ovarian cancer is that peritoneal spread does not preclude curative surgical resection. Ovarian cancer is staged u…

Background Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) is an inherited, progressive neurodegenerative disease. Interindividual heterogeneity in the rate and phenotypic profile of disease progression indicates a biologic variability in the pattern and spatial evolution of underlying changes, but the occurrence of possible FRDA subgroups, which could aid in clinical trial design and treatment, are still unknown. Purp…

Background Incidental diagnosis of small renal masses is placing increasing pressure on health care systems. While surgical resection remains standard, ablation has emerged as a less invasive alternative, potentially reducing complications, hospital stays, and costs. However, knowledge about outcomes following ablation remains limited. Purpose To compare the long-term outcomes of ablation, surgic…