Background Accurate characterization of tumor grade and aggressiveness for renal neoplasms with noninvasive imaging methods is critical for patient management and outcome. Purpose To evaluate kidney MR fingerprinting (MRF) alone and in combination with diffusion-weighted imaging and arterial spin labeling (ASL) MRI for the diagnosis and characterization of renal neoplasms by assessing its performance in differentiating indolent from aggressive tumors. Materials and Methods Adults with suspected