Frontiers in Microbiology

Mangrove ecosystems are dynamic coastal environments that offer essential ecological services, socioeconomic benefits, and resilience against climate change. Central to their functionality there are complex microbial communities—primarily bacteria and fungi—that drive key biogeochemical processes such as organic matter decomposition, nitrogen fixation, carbon sequestration, and sulfur cycling. Th…

Although HIV-associated malignancies have been reviewed separately through the lens of individual oncogenic viruses (KSHV, EBV, HPV) or immune dysfunction in isolation, no prior synthesis has integrated these processes into a single, systemic “tumor ecosystem” framework spanning virology, immunology, the tumor microenvironment, and clinical treatment response. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) i…

Objective To establish the epidemiological cut-off (ECOFF) value of cefotaxime-sulbactam against Escherichia coli , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Enterobacter cloacae , Proteus mirabilis , Serratia marcescens , Acinetobacter baumannii , and Staphylococcus aureus . Methods A total of 1,770 non-duplicate clinical isolates were collected from five laboratories in four cities in China. Minimum inhibitory c…

Conventional scanning electron microscopy (SEM) preparation, relying on chemical dehydration, frequently induces structural artifacts such as shrinkage and distortion. While high-pressure freezing (HPF) offers superior preservation, its accessibility is limited by the requirement for specialized equipment. In this study, we evaluated a water freeze-drying (WFD) method using a general-purpose labo…

Soil organic carbon (C) is a critical component of terrestrial ecosystem C pools, playing a vital role in maintaining soil fertility, supporting sustainable agricultural development, and mitigating global climate change. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the pathways and effects of straw return and organic fertilizer application on soil C sequestration is essential. Straw return introdu…

Objective Emerging evidence suggests that the gut microbiota may play a role in sleep regulation via the microbiota–gut–brain axis; however, its relationship with objective sleep parameters and serological markers remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between polysomnographic, serological, and gut microbiota changes in patients with short sleep insomnia. Methods Patients…

Introduction Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz. is rich in dietary fiber and has been reported to exhibit hypoglycemic activity. This study investigated the effects of lactic acid bacteria (LAB)-fermented dandelion Jiangshui (JS) on glucose metabolism and pancreatic and renal histopathology in hyperglycemic mice. Methods Lactiplantibacillus plantarum A1 and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei strains A3 a…

High-fructose diet (HFD) has emerged as a critical dietary risk factor for metabolic syndrome, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and cardiovascular disease. This review delineates the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathological cascade linking high-fructose intake, gut dysbiosis, chronic inflammation, and accelerated aging. At the metabolic level, excess fructose is rapidly phosphor…

Background The gut-brain axis has increasingly been implicated in the pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, few human studies have simultaneously examined gut functional metagenomics and peripheral cytokine profiles across mild to moderate-to-severe TBI, which limits our understanding of how gut health may influence recovery outcomes in TBI patients. Methods This cross-section…

Background and aims Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease with an high incidence rate worldwide. It has recently shown a trend toward affecting younger populations. Total flavonoids from Potentilla discolor Bunge (PB) are associated with antipyretic and antidiarrheal properties. Several studies have also reported that PB exhibits anti-T2DM effects. However, the interactio…

Introduction Bacillus species are ubiquitous in nature, and they display diverse traits of biotechnological importance, including the production of various enzymes and secondary metabolites. In this study, we profiled the genomes of vineyard-derived Bacillus strains shown to inhibit Botrytis cinerea mycelial growth and spore germination through the production of cyclic lipopeptides and cell wall-…

Porcine Rotavirus ( PoRV ), a major pathogen causing diarrhea in piglets and significant economic losses, exhibits high genotypic diversity and poses a risk of cross-species transmission. PoRV infection is initiated by the interaction of its outer capsid proteins, VP4 and VP7, with multiple host cell receptors (e.g., sialic acids, integrins), triggering complex processes of endocytosis and membra…

Enteric pathogens such as enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC), enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), and Salmonella enterica utilize a conserved type III secretion system (T3SS) to manipulate host cell processes and promote infection. Metabolites present in the intestinal lumen can directly influence the activity of these systems. Indole, which is produced from dietary tryptophan, has been shown…

Introduction Phloridzin is a major autotoxin contributing to apple replant disease (ARD) by inducing oxidative stress and disrupting the rhizosphere ecology. Methods This study evaluated the potential of Ensifer meliloti y5077 to mitigate these detrimental effects in Malus hupehensis . Results Strain y5077 demonstrated high degradation efficiency, removing 100% of phloridzin in vitro within 48 h …

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a bacterium with high antimicrobial resistance to several drugs including carbapenems. Recently, resistance to cefiderocol (FDC), a new siderophore cephalosporin, has been reported despite its rare use in clinical practice. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the dynamics of different resistance mechanisms in P. aeruginosa that evolve under FDC pressure, as well a…

Background Migraine is a debilitating neurological disorder with marked sex differences, as women experience a prevalence two to three times higher than men. Although the gut–brain axis has been implicated in migraine biology, the intersection of sex hormones, microbial signaling, and microbial metabolites remains underexplored. This review evaluates migraine-specific and mechanistically relevant…

Introduction Phenotypic antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) is essential, but conventional culture-based methods require 48–72 h, delaying targeted treatment. Here we report a first small study of a direct electrochemical AST system on clinical urine samples. The study aimed to validate the technology and support further research. Methods 18 urine and 2 control samples were tested with 3 anti…

Introduction Non-conventional yeasts (NCYs) associated with spontaneous food fermentations represent an underexplored source of microorganisms with potential probiotic and biotechnological applications. Coffee cherry fermentations harbor diverse yeast communities; however, the functional properties of indigenous NCYs remain poorly characterized. This study identified NCYs isolated from coffee che…

Defective viral genomes (DVGs) are truncated or rearranged products derived from parental viruses during replication and they harbour numerous lethal mutations or large-fragment deletions. Current studies have demonstrated that DVGs play crucial roles in interfering with normal viral replication and activating host innate immunity, suggesting that the presence of DVGs not only may modulate the co…

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by deficits in social interaction and the presence of repetitive, stereotyped behaviors, often accompanied by gastrointestinal symptoms. The prevalence of ASD is on the rise, and the lack of specific pharmacological treatments places a significant burden on families and society. However, the discovery of the m…