Nature

Abstract Radial glial progenitors (RGPs) produce all excitatory neurons in the developing cerebral cortex. Mosaic analysis with double markers (MADM)-based lineage tracing in vivo has revealed a quantitative framework of RGP lineage progression 1 . Here we established MADM technology 2,3 in mouse embryonic stem cells to probe RGP lineage progression in a self-organizing cortical organoid system. …

Abstract The establishment of the infant gut microbiome is critical for later health 1,2 , yet how it is shaped by maternal and early-life factors remains unclear. Here we metagenomically sequenced 4,526 longitudinal faecal samples from 714 mother–infant pairs in the Dutch birth cohort Lifelines NEXT, spanning 12 weeks of pregnancy to 1 year postpartum. We integrated these data with 474 clinical …

Abstract Spatial light modulation is a cornerstone of modern photonics. Crucial advances in photonic information processing 1–3 rely on the spatial manipulation of the optical phase 4–12 and state of polarization (SOP) 13–27 . The degree of polarization (DOP) 28–30 is a fundamental property that can serve as an extra resource. However, no technology exists at present that can spatially modulate t…

Perioperative nivolumab significantly improved event-free survival (EFS) compared with placebo in patients with resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the CheckMate 77T study (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04025879 )1. Here, after randomization, 98 out of 229 patients who received nivolumab and 92 out of 232 patients who received placebo had evaluable biomarkers (41% of randomized patients). Of…

Abstract The retinoblastoma protein (Rb) is a tumour suppressor best known for repressing E2F transcription factors and halting cell cycle progression 1 . In hormone receptor-positive (HR + ) breast cancer, CDK4/6 inhibitors activate Rb by preventing its phosphorylation, forming a key component of current endocrine therapy regimens 2 . How pharmacologically activated Rb remodels chromatin and inf…

Abstract Europe has experienced extreme floods in recent decades. However, even larger floods are possible and must be considered in flood risk management 1,2 . Their characteristics can be clarified by analysing the largest documented historical floods. In Central Europe, the Magdalena Flood of July 1342 is usually considered the largest of the last millennium; however, knowledge of its characte…

Abstract The physical processes that led to the formation of billion-solar-mass black holes within the first 700 million years of cosmic time, a period known as cosmic dawn, remain a puzzle 1 . Several theoretical scenarios have been proposed to seed and rapidly grow black holes 2–4 , but direct observations of these mechanisms remain elusive. Here we present a source 660 million years after the …