BMC Microbiology

Abstract Background Sponges, the oldest metazoans on the planet, have an evolutionary history shaped by symbiotic associations with microorganisms. Although well studied in marine sponges, these associations are poorly understood in freshwater species. This study explored the taxonomic diversity and functional potential of the microbiome of the freshwater sponge Metania sp. and its distinction fr…

Abstract Solar salterns are environmentally stable yet biologically extreme ecosystems that serve as vital models for understanding and managing hypersaline environments, including industrial saline effluents. Despite their ecological and biotechnological significance, Indian solar salterns remain functionally underexplored. In this study, we integrated culture-dependent isolation with whole-meta…

Abstract Background Zinc oxide (ZnO), including its nanoparticulate form (ZnONPs), is widely used in agriculture and accumulates in the environment, where it may impose sustained selective pressure on microbial communities. However, the impact of prolonged zinc exposure on horizontal gene transfer and conjugation dynamics in Enterococcus faecalis remains poorly understood. Results We exposed Ente…

Abstract Background Fungal periprosthetic joint infection remains a challenging complication in revision arthroplasty. Candida albicans ( C. albicans ) is among the most frequently reported fungal pathogens, and biofilm formation further limits antifungal efficacy. Tranexamic acid (TXA) is routinely used to reduce perioperative blood loss in arthroplasty and may come into direct contact with anti…