IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement

The widespread installation of phasor measurement units (PMUs) revolutionized transmission systems monitoring, providing timestamped measurement data to state estimation algorithms. In this respect, there are two key aspects that are often overlooked, even though they cap overall performance. Firstly, the knowledge of line parameters is typically subject to rough errors. Moreover, the most signif…

The strain measurement accuracy of aerospace hot end components is severely affected by the change of environmental temperature. How to reduce the apparent strain derived from temperature variation within a wide range still is of a great challenge hitherto. In this work, a self-compensated thin film strain gauge (SC-TFSG) with sensing resistor and suspended compensation resistor is developed. The…

Capacitive flexible pressure sensors are limited by the compressibility of dielectric materials, which creates an inherent trade-off between high sensitivity and a wide measurement range. This trade-off makes it challenging to accurately capture physiological signals that require a wide dynamic range. This study presents an iontronic pressure sensor featuring an array of hollow pyramid microstruc…

Silicon carbide (SiC)-based metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) are characterized by a more uneven temperature distribution because of their decreasing chip size and increasing power density. High temperature distribution gradients may lead to transient burnout failure of the devices and have a significant impact on their long-term reliability. In this paper, we proposed …

In order to improve the efficiency of traditional near-field scanning measurement, a multi-component sparse near-field sampling method is introduced in this article. The proposed method features three strategies: equal-height searching, random distribution, and peak-and-trough searching. This method is capable of effectively detecting both peaks and troughs of near-field distribution patterns, en…

In the off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy (OA-ICOS) technology, the suppression of cavity mode noise remains the primary challenge in enhancing the sensitivity of trace gas detection. The paper addressed two critical limitations in the existing OA-ICOS system: the absence of specific theoretical guidance for cavity parameter design and the reliance on empirical adjusting to suppress c…

Graph convolutional networks (GCNs) can effectively learn graph data features and are widely used to predict the bearing remaining useful life (RUL). However, most existing GCN-based methods are based on single-node relationships to construct the graph structure while ignoring potential complex relationships between nodes. To enrich graph feature information and improve bearing RUL prediction acc…

Electrical impedance tomography (EIT), a non-invasive, radiation-free, and real-time imaging modality of tissue conductivity changes, has become an important clinical tool. Three-dimensional EIT offers superior spatial characterization of lung function, but its image reconstruction remains challenging due to the severely ill-posed inverse problem and high sensitivity to measurement noise. This pa…

As data transmission rates escalate across successive generations, the impact of timing jitter on the performance of high-speed systems becomes increasingly significant. Moreover, jitter is exacerbated by frequency-dependent channel characteristics as signals propagate through the interconnects. In this paper, an analytical methodology based on phase noise theory is proposed to accurately quantif…

Photon-counting computed tomography has demonstrated significant advancements in recent years; however, micro photon-counting CT (Micro-PCCT) systems are still limited by pixel-wise detector response nonuniformity, which degrades measurement uniformity across detector pixels and commonly produces ring artifacts in reconstructed images. Existing calibration methods exhibit limited generalizability…

Reliable measurement under sensor faults and disturbances/ noises is crucial for monitoring and control of electric motor drive systems operating under complex nonlinear dynamics and uncertainties. This work develops a new model-predictive fault estimation and accommodation scheme for the interval type–2 Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy models in discrete-time settings, remedying sensor faults and bounded dis…

As indispensable components in the global transition toward carbon neutrality, lithium-ion batteries face growing scrutiny due to recurring safety concerns that threaten to undermine their sustainable development. Internal gas pressure serves as a crucial diagnostic indicator in electrochemical diagnosis, enabling precise characterization of degradation mechanisms and state-of-health (SOH) evalua…

We propose a novel force sensor applied to the precise measurement of axial contact forces between the tip of a surgical instrument and biological tissue during minimally invasive surgery (MIS) palpation procedures. The sensor incorporates a linearly chirped fiber Bragg grating (LCFBG), with a portion of the grating bonded at both ends and suspended at the center of an elastic hollow structure, w…

Conventional triaxial MEMS gyroscope calibration relies on strict mounting constraints, specialized apparatus, and elaborate laboratory procedures that hinder field deployment; this work presents a field-deployable method enabling efficient and accurate in-field calibration. The core strategy is to utilize the criterion that the dot product of the measured gravity and the rotation speed in a fixe…

Despite extensive research over the past two decades, achieving simultaneous high energy and power density in supercapacitors (SCs) remains a challenge. The key lies in designing nanoporous networks that offer a very high surface area while also maximizing electrolyte-ion accessibility of the pores. However, experimentally measuring pore accessibility in supercapacitor electrodes is challenging. …

Utility-scale photovoltaic power plants (PVPPs) are gradually being enabled to provide frequency control ancillary services (FCAS) to the grid, which typically requires them to operate in a deloaded condition to maintain an active power reserve (or generation headroom). The unpredictable nature of solar irradiance, primarily due to fast-moving and intermittent cloud cover, can potentially result …

The misalignment error in differential Magnetic Gradient Tensor measurement Systems (MGTS) significantly constrains their measurement accuracy. Traditional calibration methods, which rely on uniform magnetic fields and non-magnetic precision turntables, struggle to adapt to complex electro-magnetic interference environments. This study proposes a dynamic magnetic excitation-based misalignment cal…

To address the growing demand for decentralized, real-time water monitoring of hazardous water pollutants, this study presents a portable, multiplexed solid-state ion-selective membrane (ISM) sensor array capable of simultaneously detecting nitrate (NO₃⁻), ammonium (NH₄⁺), and chloride (Cl⁻) in water samples. This portable system integrates temperature compensation for reliable field analysis and…

Particle image velocimetry is a widely-used experimental technique for measuring fluid flow, but accurate flow field estimation from particle images remains challenging. Traditional methods, such as cross-correlation and optical flow, are either resolution-limited or computationally expensive, and deep learning approaches often suffer from discretization errors, spectral bias, or a heavy reliance…

Event cameras provide microsecond-level temporal resolution for brightness changes, which makes them particularly suitable for event-based imaging velocimetry (EBIV). However, accurately estimating velocity vectors from event data is challenging because of its inherent asynchronous and sparse nature. This work proposes a Projection Concentration Maximization with Smooth Annealing (PCM-SA) method …