Annals of the National Academy of Medical Sciences (India)

Objectives Endoscopic biliary stenting is a well-established method for biliary decompression in conditions such as choledocholithiasis and biliary strictures. Plastic biliary stents are intended for short-term use, requiring removal or exchange every 3-4 months. However, in resource-constrained settings, follow-up is often poor, leading to neglected stents and severe complications. Material and …

Research investigating connections between dietary intake and mental health has identified the gut-brain axis as a potentially important communication pathway. This review examines current understanding of how diet may influence mental health through intestinal microbiota, immune signaling, and neural pathways. While emerging evidence suggests associations between certain dietary patterns and men…

Objectives The objective of this study was to analyze the relation of patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) scores with the extent of COVID-associated mucormycosis (CAM), the surgical approach used for treatment, the extent of surgery (structures removed), and to report the epidemiology of CAM in Eastern India, where the incidence of mucormycosis is rare. Material and Methods This is a cohort stud…

A rare presentation of unilateral venous stasis-like retinopathy is reported in a 55-year-old female. Unilateral, acute onset of diminution of vision was associated with multiple superficial retinal hemorrhages and Roth spots over the posterior pole of the retina. An increase in the resistive index (RI) of the central retinal artery and vein, along with iron deficiency anemia, was observed. The c…

Objectives The objective of this study was to screen patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) for multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) and analyze the most common risk factors for infection. The aim was to provide a clinical reference for improving the prognosis of these patients through enhanced antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) measures and infection control practices. Material and Methods This…

Objectives To calculate estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR) in newly diagnosed treatment naive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and correlate it with homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and clinical/ biochemical parameters. Material and Methods eGDR was calculated using a formula based on waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI) in 60 patients ne…

Objectives Apparent treatment-resistant hypertension (aTRH) is defined as uncontrolled hypertension (HTN) despite the use of three or more antihypertensive medication classes or controlled HTN after treatment with four or more antihypertensive medication classes. The increasing prevalence of HTN as well as aTRH is mainly due to a lack of understanding about the disease, insufficient patient educa…

Objectives Several variations have been reported in the azygous venous system (AZV) earlier, e.g., agenesis of azygous and hemi-azygous veins (HMAZV), incomplete accessory HMAZV, and accessory HMAZV may join the HMAZV. These variations can mimic pathologies such as aneurysms, tumors, and lymphadenopathies. The possibility of the above variations should be considered while carrying out mediastinal…

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In India, 300 babies are born every day with neural tube defects (NTDs), which are life-threatening developmental defects of the embryonic nervous system that can form shortly after conception. Most NTDs can be prevented by ensuring optimum blood levels of folate and vitamin B12 in women before pregnancy. However, up to three-quarters (or more) of Indian women, from early childh…

Objectives Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative joint disorder characterized by the breakdown of articular cartilage and bone hypertrophy. Matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) are two biomolecules that have been linked to the pathogenesis of OA. The early diagnosis and management of OA are critical to prevent disease progression and maintain quality of life. MMP-1…

The shift in reading habits due to technological advancements has led to a rise in digital fiction reading in recent years. We discuss the case of a 21-year-old ardent reader who has an uncontrollable urge to read and spends excessive hours reading despite adverse consequences. The patient would ignore social activities, academic responsibilities, and self-care; further, the patient used digital …

Objectives The emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens and the constraints of existing pharmaceuticals have intensified the quest for alternative therapeutic strategies. Phytochemically-rich plant and seed extracts present a promising avenue for the development of novel antimicrobial agents. Material and Methods Acacia farnesiana was selected for this study due to its traditional medicinal ap…

A variant of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is seen in autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis. It is known to present as a complication in the course of these autoimmune conditions. However, the occurrence of MAS as the first presentation of SLE, can pose a challenge in its timely…

This bibliometric study scrutinizes a corpus of 776 academic articles, focusing on the intersection of virology and neuroregeneration, published in the timeframe from 1970 to 2024. The annual growth rate was calculated at 3.37%, with an average citation count of 19.8 per publication. The geographical analysis identified China and the United States as principal nodes of collaboration. The most pro…

A 65-year-old hypertensive and diabetic presented to the Emergency Department with a sudden onset of decreased vision, altered behavior, and elevated blood sugars without ketones, indicating non-ketotic hyperglycemia (NKH).Initial brain MRI was normal, but the patient later developed continuous motor and complex visual epileptic hallucinations along with left homonymous hemianopia.A repeat MRI [F…

In the field of toxicology, snake bites are recognized as a significant cause capable of mimicking brain death. A neurotoxic snakebite can manifest with a wide range of symptoms, causing asymptomatic cases to more severe presentations. Common symptoms include ptosis and complete external and internal ophthalmoplegia, which indicate paralysis of the eye muscles. In severe cases, the bite can lead …

Objectives The Prosopic index or Facial index is an important measurement, required to be taken during the orthodontic diagnosis phase. Classification of faces into broad, average, or narrow not only allows comprehensive orthodontic treatment planning based on aesthetics and facial form, but could also be used in other fields such as anthropology and forensic medicine. The authors have developed …

Objectives The purpose of this study was to determine serum D-Dimer levels in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and their correlation with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). Material and Methods This prospective observational case-control study was conducted on 200 patients with AIS. In this study, 200 healthy age-matched and sex-matched individuals were taken as controls…

Objectives Traditionally, fasting before a contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) scan was considered necessary due to the concerns of nausea, vomiting, and aspiration pneumonia. As per the recent international guidelines, fasting is not recommended prior to routine CECT; and with the use of non-ionic iodinated contrast media (ICM), the frequency of adverse reactions has decreased significa…

Indexing of a scientific journal is a recognition of sustained quality, credibility, and reliability.The indexing agencies evaluate whether a journal consistently publishes scientifically sound, peer-reviewed, and relevant content within a clearly defined scope in a regular and timely manner.The uninterrupted publishing history reflects editorial stability and institutional commitment.A transpare…