This cross-sectional study investigated the association between maternal and child anemia and development in 2,473 children up to 72 months old in Ceará, Brazil. Hemoglobin was measured using HemoCue Hb 201, and child development was assessed via the Ages and Stages Questionnaires-Brazil (ASQ-BR). In multivariate analyses, neither maternal anemia nor child anemia (overall) was associated with continuous domain z-scores or developmental delays (all p > 0.05). However, when stratified by severity,