An Intelligent Wireless Sensor Network for Real-Time Kimchi Fermentation Monitoring and Early Abnormality Detection

Kimchi fermentation involves dynamic physicochemical and microbial changes; however, conventional monitoring methods are generally dependent on intermittent measurements, resulting in limitations in the real-time detection of abnormal fermentation. In this study, a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)-based Fermentation Monitoring System (WFMS) and a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM)-based Anomaly Detection System (LADS) were developed to continuously monitor internal pressure changes during kimchi ferment