When algorithms testify: artificial intelligence-driven DNA analysis, evidentiary standards, and criminal justice reform.

Forensic DNA analysis has already influenced criminal justice, and serves as a powerful tool for both conviction and exoneration. Despite its scientific foundations and wide application, DNA evidence is vulnerable to interpretive errors, methodological limitations, and cognitive bias, as demonstrated by numerous wrongful convictions identified through the Innocence Project. Recent artificial intelligence (AI) methods, especially probabilistic genotyping, are used to support the interpretation of