Severe immune-related autoimmune hemolytic anemia induced by pembrolizumab: a case report with novel immunosuppressive strategy

Introduction Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), including PD-1 inhibitors, have significantly improved survival outcomes in patients with melanoma; however, serious adverse events may occur as a consequence of immune dysregulation. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition. While corticosteroids remain the cornerstone of AIHA management, some patients with severe anemia require additional immunosuppressive agents beyond steroids alone. Case report