Gut microbiota and the early prevention window in type 1 diabetes and latent autoimmune diabetes in adults: a state-of-the-art narrative review on diet and metabolites

Autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1D) is typically the end point of a prolonged process involving genetic susceptibility, the emergence of islet autoimmunity, and progressive loss of pancreatic beta-cell reserve rather than the day hyperglycaemia is first diagnosed. In parallel, research on the gut microbiome has shifted from searching for single causal taxa to examining ecosystem-level functions, microbial metabolites, and host-pathway interactions. In this narrative review, we synthesise prospectiv