Frontiers in Endocrinology

This study identified longitudinal trajectories of lean mass development from childhood to young adulthood and examined their associations with bone and muscle outcomes in early adulthood. Data were obtained from 323 participants (8–23 years) in the Iowa Bone Development Study, assessed at 7 time points. Lean mass trajectories were defined using DXA-derived Z-scores for the appendicular lean mass…

Aims Metabolic dysfunction, inflammation, and lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] reflect different biomarker domains associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk. We examined the individual and joint associations of the triglyceride–glucose (TyG) index, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and Lp(a) with incident ASCVD. Coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke were analyzed as …

Background Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is highly prevalent in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and amplifies cardiovascular and metabolic burden. Elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is a key driver of atherosclerotic cerebrovascular stenosis, and MASLD-mediated hepatic lipid dysregulation is closely linked to LDL-C metabolism. One-hour postload…

Background Assisted reproductive treatment for women with endometriosis and diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) is challenging, and the optimal controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) protocol for this population remains uncertain. This study compared four commonly used COS regimens for IVF/ICSI in women with EM and DOR. Methods In this retrospective cohort (2014-2023), 859 IVF/ICSI cycles in women age…

Background The stress hyperglycemia ratio (SHR) captures acute glucose elevation relative to chronic glycemic background. However, the prognostic value of early dynamic SHR patterns in critically ill patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) remains uncertain. Methods We conducted a retrospective dual-cohort study using MIMIC-IV v3.1 for trajectory development and NWICU v0.1.0 …

Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) represents a major public health challenge among middle-aged and older populations worldwide. The underlying mechanisms linking sedentary behavior to T2DM remain incompletely understood. Sarcopenic obesity (SO), a phenotype defined by concurrent low muscle mass and excess adiposity, may represent a key intermediate correlate linking sedentary behavior wi…

Introduction Chronic exposure to pesticides is increasingly becoming a concern in the modern world. Atrazine (ATZ), a widely used pesticide in the U.S., is known to interfere with the male reproductive system. In the present study, we examined the effects of ATZ on viability, cell cycle progression, steroid production, and steroidogenic gene expression profile of testicular Leydig cells using the…

Objective To evaluate the association of serum irisin, together with reproductive endocrine and metabolic indicators, with clinical pregnancy outcomes following in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods This single-center retrospective cohort study included 92 infertile PCOS patients who underwent their first IVF-ET treatment at ou…

Background Osteosarcopenia, defined by the coexistence of sarcopenia and osteoporosis, is increasingly recognized as a high-risk geriatric musculoskeletal syndrome. Although it is commonly diagnosed by applying separate criteria for sarcopenia and osteoporosis, whether osteosarcopenia has a distinct systemic metabolic phenotype remains unclear. This study aimed to characterize the serum metabolom…

Objective To investigate relation between climatic exposures and intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) in Chinese cities Shanghai and Sanya. Background ICP is a pregnancy-specific liver disease associated with adverse fetal outcomes. Although the etiology of ICP remains unclear, climatic exposures are increasingly recognized as one of the critical correlates in ICP onset. Methods This is a …

Aims Secreted modulators of the Wingless (WNT) pathways are associated with cardiometabolic dysregulation. Among these, Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) and secreted frizzled-related protein-3 (sFRP3) are abundantly expressed in placental tissue and secreted into the maternal circulation. We hypothesized their plasma levels would be dysregulated in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and correlate wi…

Background Microwave ablation (MWA) is an organ-preserving minimally invasive option for symptomatic benign thyroid nodules. Comparative evidence on thyroid function preservation after MWA versus surgical resection (SR) remains limited, particularly when postoperative hormone replacement is separated by surgical extent. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 113 consecutive adults treated with ultra…

Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) is characterized by inflammation, hyaluronan accumulation, tissue expansion, and fibrosis of orbital tissues, while effective antifibrotic medical therapies remain limited. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4i), widely used for type 2 diabetes, have been reported to modulate fibroblast activity and fibrotic responses in several organs. This study investigated the effe…

Objectives Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) carries significant feto-maternal risks. While early diagnosis and treatment effectively mitigate these adverse outcomes, the most effective strategy for screening and detection remains a subject of ongoing debate. Methods A secondary analysis of data from a large trial involving 35,430 women was conducted to estimate the proportion of GDM cases miss…

Background Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, yet effective disease-modifying therapies remain elusive. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), widely used in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), have shown neuroprotective potential in preclinical studies. However, real-world evidence on the association between GLP-1RAs use a…

Objective Pituitary adenomas (PAs) not only cause physiological symptoms, but also lead to psychological symptoms, which result in the decline of the quality of life (QOL) ultimately. This study aims to identify the factors that might influence the QOL of patients with PAs before and after endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery (ETSS). Methods A total of 83 patients with PAs who underwent ETSS and co…

Idiopathic infertility accounts for 30%–40% of male infertility cases, yet its etiology remains largely unexplained. The gut–testis axis hypothesis has recently emerged as a promising direction, with human cohort studies revealing statistical associations between gut dysbiosis and impaired semen quality. However, establishing mechanistic and causal evidence beyond observational associations requi…

Hypothyroidism, most commonly caused by Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, is characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones and is typically treated with oral levothyroxine (LT4). However, determining patient-specific LT4 dosage remains challenging due to significant inter-individual variability and the need for repeated clinical adjustments. In this study, a stability-aware, data-driven dos…

Objective Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a prevalent and disabling complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), yet detection remains constrained by limited accessibility of nerve conduction studies. This study developed and validated a dual-modality ultrasound radiomics model for individualized DPN classification. Methods In total, 253 T2DM patients from three centers were prospecti…

Bone marrow Adipoq-lineage cells refer to all cells that have ever expressed Adipoq (Adiponectin) and their progeny. They contribute not only to marrow adipogenesis but also to osteoclast regulation, hematopoietic support, vascular maintenance, and post-injury regeneration. Recent single-cell transcriptomic and genetic fate-mapping studies have revealed unexpected heterogeneity within this lineag…