Frontiers in Endocrinology

Objective To compare the 12-week effectiveness and safety of dydrogesterone monotherapy versus estradiol–dydrogesterone (E2/DYD) combination therapy in women with perimenopausal symptoms in a real-world clinical setting. Methods This retrospective cohort study included 150 women treated at a tertiary gynecological outpatient clinic between July 2022 and January 2025 (dydrogesterone: n=60; E2/DYD:…

Background Premature myocardial infarction (PMI) is increasingly recognized as a metabolic disease, driven by a cluster of dysregulations including insulin resistance and central obesity. While homocysteine (Hcy)—an intermediate of one-carbon metabolism—is implicated in these atherothrombotic processes, its synergistic effect with coexisting cardiometabolic risk factors for the long-term prognosi…

Background Evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on pharmacological management of primary osteoporosis in men is fragmented, making direct comparisons across drug classes difficult, and head-to-head evidence remains limited. We performed a network meta-analysis (NMA) to compare the relative efficacy and safety of commonly used anti-osteoporotic agents in men. Methods We systematically…

Introduction Luteinizing hormone (LH) is critical for follicular development and IVF pregnancy outcomes, but evidence linking trigger-day serum LH levels to IVF-ET outcomes in overweight patients is scarce. This study investigated the impact of trigger-day LH levels on IVF-ET outcomes in overweight and obese women (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m 2 ) undergoing flexible GnRH antagonist controlled ovarian stimulati…

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) interfere with hormone synthesis, signaling, and metabolism, leading to reproductive, metabolic, and neuroendocrine dysfunction. Non-chemical environmental endocrine stressors, including electromagnetic fields, noise, artificial light at night, and thermal stress, can disrupt endocrine homeostasis, alter neuroendocrine and hormonal function, affect signaling …

Introduction Combination immunotherapy with ipilimumab and nivolumab has improved long-term progression-free and overall survival in patients with metastatic melanoma. Unfortunately, a high percentage of patients develop immune-related side effects, including endocrinopathy. The incidence and timing of hypopituitarism remains poorly characterized. Methods We routinely performed laboratory screeni…

Background Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is a genetic disorder caused by pathogenic mutations in the ALPL gene, resulting in reduced activity of the tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase enzyme. The disease exhibits a wide phenotypic spectrum, varying from extremely severe forms that are often fatal during the prenatal or perinatal periods to very mild cases that are diagnosed in adult patients. Recen…

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a major and severe microvascular complication of diabetes and one of the primary causes of end-stage renal failure. As the body’s largest metabolic organ, the kidneys require a continuous supply of energy to maintain systemic homeostasis and normal metabolic functions. The mitochondrial quality control (MQC) system plays a central role in preserving cellular energ…

Global declines in male fertility, characterized by reduced sperm count, motility, and quality, raised concerns about environmental exposures to estrogen-mimicking endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), including bisphenol A (BPA), and reproductive dysfunction. BPA exposure in vivo has been shown to alter gut microbial composition, diversity, and metabolites, leading to dysbiosis. Such gut altera…

Background Thyroid Eye Disease (TED) is the most common extrathyroidal manifestation of Graves’ disease. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-17 (IL-17) have been implicated in its pathogenesis, but individual study results remain inconsistent. However, existing findings on IL-6 and IL-17 levels in the serum or tears of TED patients remain inconsistent. Aim This meta-analysis aimed to statistical…

Background This study applies advanced artificial intelligence technologies to reconstruct the global research landscape of osteoporosis (OP) biomarkers and to predict emerging nodes with potential clinical value. Methods Literature from the Web of Science Core Collection and PubMed over the past 20 years was integrated. The OpenAI text-embedding-3-large model mapped keywords into a high-dimensio…

Background Musclin is a myokine which is linked to muscle activity and systemic metabolic regulation. Age-specific reference values for serum musclin are lacking in both the pediatric and adult population, limiting the interpretation of circulating musclin concentrations in clinical practice and studies. Objectives To establish Lambda–Mu–Sigma (LMS)-based continuous age-specific reference values …

Background Inavolisib, a recently approved phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase α (PI3Kα) inhibitor for advanced breast cancer, carries a notable risk of hyperglycemia. Despite this established, on-target adverse effect, clinical endocrinologists often lack sufficient awareness regarding both the risk profile and the specific management strategies required for Inavolisib-induced hyperglycemia. The objec…

Autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1D) is typically the end point of a prolonged process involving genetic susceptibility, the emergence of islet autoimmunity, and progressive loss of pancreatic beta-cell reserve rather than the day hyperglycaemia is first diagnosed. In parallel, research on the gut microbiome has shifted from searching for single causal taxa to examining ecosystem-level functions, mic…

Introduction Autosomal dominant hypocalcemia type 1 (ADH1) is a rare inherited disorder caused by gain-of-function mutations in the calcium-sensing receptor ( CASR ) gene, with clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic hypocalcemia to recurrent seizures. Methods Clinical evaluation and genetic testing were performed. Through activation of the MAPK signaling pathway,cellular functional val…

Background Diabetic nephropathy (DN), a severe complication of diabetes, is influenced by genetic, immune, and gut microbial factors but lacks targeted therapeutic strategies. Druggable genes (DGGs) present a promising avenue, yet their causal prioritization in DN and their connections to gut microbiota-metabolite mechanisms remain underexplored. Methods This study utilized differential expressio…

Background Differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) is a common endocrine malignancy, and cervical lymph node metastasis (LNM) represents the predominant pattern of disease recurrence. For patients who develop persistent or recurrent cervical lesions following total thyroidectomy and radioactive iodine (131I) therapy, conventional reoperation or additional 131I therapy often provides limited effica…

Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) and central fever are rare and underrecognized manifestations of multiple system atrophy (MSA). Here, we report a 66-year-old woman who presented with a progressively evolving combination of parkinsonian features and pronounced autonomic dysfunction, fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for clinically probable MSA. Notably, she also d…

PM 2.5 exposure is associated with a variety of health effects, including effects on the reproductive and skin. However, the relationship between PM2.5 exposure and postpartum hair loss has not been investigated. In this study, we evaluated the effect of PM2.5 exposure on hair loss after birth in mouse model and analyzed possible associated molecular changes. Female mice were exposed to PM2.5 usi…

Background Parathyroid carcinoma (PC) is a rare malignant endocrine tumor, accounting for approximately 0.005% of all malignancies and representing an uncommon cause of primary hyperparathyroidism. Excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone leads to severe hypercalcemia, resulting in multisystem complications, including skeletal fragility, nephrolithiasis, neuromuscular manifestations, and cardio…