Frontiers in Endocrinology

Background Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) has emerged as a potential regulator of ovarian physiology; however, its role in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) remains incompletely understood. This study aimed to investigate the effects of the H 2 S donor sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) on ovarian steroidogenesis, apoptosis and follicular remodelling in a dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)-induced rat model of PCOS.…

Introduction Obesity-related type 2 diabetes (DM) is increasing rapidly and at present reaching epidemic proportions in some Worldwide populations. The aim of this study was to provide new knowledge on the interplay between genetic and lifestyle obesity-related risk factors in populations with the highest incidence of obesity-related diabetes could provide an important tool to help prevent or del…

Background We investigated whether albuminuria is more consistently associated with diabetic retinopathy (DR) severity than estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and whether it corresponds to an ischemic retinal phenotype on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Methods This two-part cross-sectional study first analyzed 949 adults with diabetes from the National Health and Nutrit…

Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) has a high in-hospital mortality rate, requiring better prognostic tools. The uric acid to HDL cholesterol ratio (UHR), a novel biomarker of metabolic inflammation, was investigated for predicting mortality in AKI patients. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted from January 2021 to January 2024, including 500 adult AKI patients diagnosed according…

Objective This exploratory study investigates the association between smoking and premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) to inform smoking cessation strategies and support women’s reproductive health. Methods Using literature data mining and association rule analysis, we constructed a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network to identify potential core targets associated with POI. Gene Ontology (G…

Background Acquired lipodystrophy is a rare disorder characterized by adipose tissue loss or dysfunction and is frequently associated with severe insulin resistance and metabolic complications. Metabolic complications of lipodystrophy have occasionally been reported after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), but their clinical features and optimal treatment strategies remain poorly def…

Background Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is commonly associated with hypercalcemia, hypophosphatemia, and hypercalciuria. Hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia are rare and indicate a complicated etiology. Case presentation We describe a 74-year-old woman who presented with metabolic encephalopathy and moderate dehydration. Biochemical examinations revealed a parathyroid crisis with severe hypercal…

Objective This study aims to systematically evaluate the predictive value of platelet parameters (PLT, PDW, MPV, PCT) before initial 131 I therapy in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Methods This retrospective study included 365 patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) who underwent initial 131 I therapy at the Department of Nuclear Medicine in a tertiary hospital. Treatment …

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, are chronic immune-mediated diseases that are increasingly recognized as systemic diseases with significant cardiovascular consequences. Growing epidemiological evidence suggests that patients with IBD face an increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) that cannot be fully explained by tradi…

Background Ageing is associated with significant changes in body composition, including increased abdominal adiposity and reduced skeletal muscle strength, mass, and physical performance, known as sarcopenia. However, the association of specific abdominal fat distribution in relation to sarcopenia parameters remains poorly understood. Objective To assess abdominal fat distribution by ultrasound (…

Background Hypoglycemia is a common complication that is closely associated with poor prognosis in older patients with diabetes undergoing hemodialysis (HD). However, evidence regarding simple intradialytic preventive strategies remains limited. We evaluated the short-term effects of 15 g oral glucose solution on blood glucose levels and blood pressure. Methods This single-arm, self-controlled, p…

Hormonal contraceptive (HC) use is common among servicewomen and has been discussed in relation to health, performance, and operational readiness. No systematic data exist on HC prevalence among German servicewomen. This study analyzes contraceptive practices and motivations for contraceptive choice in German servicewomen. A nationwide, cross-sectional online survey was conducted among female mem…

Background The progression of rapidly progressive diabetic retinopathy (PDR) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by substantial inter-individual variability. To develop and validate a nomogram for individualized risk prediction and stratification of rapidly progressive PDR in T2DM by incorporating diabetes duration, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), 24-hour urinary protein quantificati…

Background Diabetic nephropathy (DN) remains a major cause of chronic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), yet conventional markers incompletely capture heterogeneous renal injury. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance and stage-wise behavior of clinically accessible urinary glomerular and tubular biomarkers for identifying DN. Methods This multicente…

Introduction Autosomal dominant hypocalcemia type 1 (ADH1) is a rare genetic disorder caused by gain-of-function variants in the CASR gene, leading to suppressed parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion, hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, hypomagnesemia and hypercalciuria. Evidence on the use of long-acting PTH analogs in pediatric ADH1 remains scarce. This report describes a boy with a de novo heterozy…

Introduction The increasing global lifespan has shifted the primary objective of geroscience from merely extending lifespan to maximizing health span. Biological aging is a gradual, time-dependent process marked by progressive cellular deterioration that culminates in increased vulnerability, frailty, morbidity, and mortality. Understanding the mechanisms that accelerate or decelerate this deteri…

Background The qualitative diagnosis of lipid-poor adrenal adenomas and metastases presents challenges, yet there is a significant difference in their treatment principles and prognosis. Materials and methods A total of 390 patients from two hospitals were divided into training, internal validation, and external test sets. Lesion segmentation was performed automatically using the large segmentati…