Therapeutic targets for diabetic nephropathy identified by druggable genome mendelian randomization: the role of the gut microbiota-metabolite axis

Background Diabetic nephropathy (DN), a severe complication of diabetes, is influenced by genetic, immune, and gut microbial factors but lacks targeted therapeutic strategies. Druggable genes (DGGs) present a promising avenue, yet their causal prioritization in DN and their connections to gut microbiota-metabolite mechanisms remain underexplored. Methods This study utilized differential expression analysis to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs), Mendelian randomization (MR) to establi