Probiotics Exert Colonization Resistance Against F. nucleatum subsp. polymorphum: Disruption by Antibiotics and Underlying Molecular Mechanisms

Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum), a key oral pathogen, promotes colorectal cancer (CRC) progression via gut translocation. Although gut probiotics provide colonization resistance against pathogens, antibiotic-induced dysbiosis may facilitate F. nucleatum integration and increase the risk of CRC. The mechanisms underlying probiotic–F. nucleatum antagonism and antibiotic modulation remain unclear. A 33-strain probiotic consortium and F. nucleatum subsp. Polymorphum (F. polymorphum) ATCC 1095