Microbiome Diversity in Pancreatic Surgery: Associations with Preoperative Stenting and Postoperative Outcomes

Carcinomas of the pancreas and bile duct remain highly lethal malignancies, with surgical resection representing the only potentially curative treatment. Despite improvements in perioperative mortality, postoperative complications remain frequent and negatively affect long-term outcomes. Recent evidence suggests that the pancreas and bile ducts harbor distinct microbial communities, challenging the traditional concept of sterility in these environments. However, their composition and clinical re