The epidermis plays essential physiological roles in plants, yet its underlying gene regulatory programs remain poorly defined. To address this gap, we integrated 11 public single-cell RNA-seq datasets of Arabidopsis shoots and leaves, extracted 30 247 epidermal cells, and constructed a single-cell gene co-expression network, AtEpidermisGGM, using the SingleCellGGM algorithm. From this network, we identified 120 co-expression modules, termed gene expression programs (GEPs), that delineate key de