Lipids in kidney diseases: from systemic imbalance to intrarenal alterations of cellular lipid metabolism in rare and common kidney diseases

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is expected to be the fifth cause of global mortality by 2040. Modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for CKD range from metabolic conditions, such as diabetes or obesity, to genetic defects. Regardless of the triggering factor, irreversible injury and loss of kidney cells result in the decline of kidney function. Renal damage often occurs through common signaling pathways promoting inflammation, oxidative stress, organelle dysfunction, complement activation, apo